The story of the UkraineManning, Clarence Augustus
History
The story of the Ukraine
Manning, Clarence Augustus
Kievan Rus -- History; Ukraine -- History
Yet to do this, it was necessary to have a more permanent political
organization. The old Kozak system was well devised to win military
victories but it had never taken up the problems of administration
in any area. The Kozak officers had come to feel that they were the
appointed mouthpieces of Kozakdom and compared themselves to the
Polish magnates. The ordinary Kozaks, equally proud of their position,
resented these claims of their officers and clamored for the old rights
of frequent election. At the same time they looked down upon the
non-Kozak elements of the population, even though the latter had taken
an important part in the campaigns of 1648.
The very success of the Kozak movement had created a new embarrassment.
The pressing task before Bohdan and his associates was to build a
state, to establish in it the rights of the townspeople and the
burghers, the intellectuals and the peasants. They had to draw a line
between the completely autocratic rule of Moscow and the aristocratic
republic of Poland, to secure unity and obedience, democracy and
authority. This was a colossal task and it is perhaps doubtful if even
Khmelnitsky realized the many ramifications of the political problems.
The best that he could do was to expand the Kozak authority and system,
to make the regimental commanders the local authorities, and to hand
over to them all the necessary functions of administration. In the long
run this could not prevail in time of peace. It was little better as a
permanent basis in war, when the commanders would be busy in the field.
Thus the ruling groups of the Kozaks failed to set up a true government
in the territory which they had with such relative ease acquired.
It seemed far more tempting and agreeable to seek for foreign support
and Khmelnitsky spent his time in endeavoring to secure foreign allies
who would assist him against his main enemy. For this the Crimean
Tatars seemed easily the most suitable and he bent his efforts to
securing their aid in the future.
When hostilities finally broke out in 1649, the Kozaks again speedily
obtained the advantage and after a few minor defeats in the north,
they entrapped the armies of their main enemy, Wisniowiecki, in the
town of Zbarazh. It was only the daring and skill of Wisniowiecki that
saved the day until the armies of the new King could arrive. Even that
was no salvation, for Khmelnitsky and his men speedily defeated the
reinforcements at Zboriv and besieged the King and the remains of his
army in a fortified camp there. At the darkest hour for the Poles, they
succeeded in bribing the Tatar Khan to abandon his Kozak allies. He
was the more willing to do this, since he also had no desire to see a
strong Ukraine.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account