The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
History
The story of the universe. Volume 4 (of 4) : $b The earth's creatures : fauna
Astronomy; Earth (Planet); Natural history
Yet, with all this apparent conformity to the structure of a strictly
aquatic animal, the tadpole contains within its organization the
germs of a higher development. Preparations are silently making
for a change of habitation, for the animal’s emerging from the
waters, for the reception of atmospheric air into new cavities, for
the acquisition of limbs suited to new modes of progression; in a
word, for a terrestrial life, and for all the attributes and powers
which belong to quadrupeds. The succession of forms, which these
metamorphoses present, are in themselves exceedingly curious, and
bear a remarkable analogy with the progress of the transformations
of those insects, which in the first stages of their existence are
aquatic. To this philosophic inquirer into the marvelous plans of
creation, the series of changes which mark these singular transitions
can not fail to be deeply interesting; and occurring, as we here find
them, among a tribe of animals allied to the more perfect forms of
organization, they afford us a better opportunity of exploring the
secrets of their development by tracing them from the earlier stages
of this complicated process, so full of mystery and of wonder.
The egg of the frog is a round mass of transparent nutritive jelly,
in the centre of which appears a small black globule. By degrees
this shapeless globule exhibits the appearance of a head and tail,
and in this form it emerges from its prison, and moves briskly in
the water. From the sides of the neck there grow out feathery tufts,
which float loosely, and without protection, in the surrounding
fluid. These, however, are mere temporary organs, for they serve
the purposes of respiration only until the proper gills are formed,
and they then shrink and become obliterated. The true gills, or
_branchiæ_, are contained within the body, and are four in number on
each side, constructed on a plan very similar to those of fishes.
Retaining this aquatic constitution, the tadpole rapidly increases
in size and in activity for several weeks. In the meantime the
legs, of which no trace was at first apparent, have commenced their
growth. The hindlegs are the first to make their appearance, showing
their embryo forms within the transparent coverings of the hinder
part of the trunk, just at the origin of the tail. These are soon
succeeded by the forelegs, which exactly follow the hindlegs in all
the stages of their development, until they have acquired their due
proportion to the size of the trunk. The animal at this period wears
a very ambiguous appearance, partaking of the forms both of the
frog and of the lizard, and swimming both by the inflexions of the
tail and the irregular impulses given by the feet. This interval is
also employed by this amphibious being in acquiring the faculty of
respiring atmospheric air. We observe it rising every now and then to
the surface, and cultivating its acquaintance with that element, into
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