The Sun Dance of the Blackfoot IndiansWissler, Clark
Religion
The Sun Dance of the Blackfoot Indians
Wissler, Clark
Siksika Indians; Sun dance
The way that several distinct myths are used to account for different
features of the sun dance might be taken as a suggestion that the
ceremony grew up among the Blackfoot. We suspect, however, that we have
here an example of pattern phenomena. Those familiar with the detailed
study of rituals in Volume 7 will recall that tradition recognized the
obvious fact that rituals were not produced all at once, but grew by
accretions. This is so marked in the mythical accounts of ritual origin
that we may suspect its appearance in the mythology of the sun dance. On
page 241 we have enumerated the myths accounting for important features
of the ceremony. Among these are not included the parts taken by
societies or the cutting sacrifices, they, as we have stated, not being
regarded as integral parts of the sun dance.
For the sake of completeness we offer some extracts from an unpublished
version of the Scar-face myth:--
We will take up this narrative at the point where Scar Face has killed
the cranes and reported with their scalps. We are told that had not Scar
Face killed these birds, they would always have killed people, but that
since he overpowered them they now fear people and have done so ever
since.
Now, the Sun, the Moon, Scar Face, and Morningstar had a scalp dance
while the Sun and Moon sang the praise songs in honor of Scar Face.
The Sun addressed Scar Face: "When your people kill enemies they
should scalp them and then give a scalp dance. Whenever anyone
counts coup or recounts his war experiences, the praise songs should
be sung." We have followed this custom ever since. Whenever anyone
related his war deeds, some old men or old woman sang the praise
songs, repeating the narrator's name during the singing.
The Sun was pleased with Scar Face. He directed Morningstar and Scar
Face to build four sweathouses, standing side by side, with their
entrances facing east. When they were completed, the Sun,
Morningstar, and Scar Face entered one of them, the Moon remaining
outside to close the door. After the Sun had worked over Scar Face,
he ordered the moon to open the door and they went into the next
sweathouse, again choosing the moon to be the door attendant. Now,
the Sun asked the Moon to point out her son. The Moon designated
Morningstar. They moved into the third sweathouse where the Sun had
Morningstar and Scar Face exchange seats. Again, the Moon was asked
to pick out her son. Though she noticed that the scar on the young
man's face had disappeared, she pointed to her own son. They
proceeded to the fourth sweathouse. Again, the Sun had the two men
exchange places. The Moon looked in and pointing to Scar Face said,
"This is Morningstar." The Sun replied, "You have mistaken him for
Morningstar, the other is our son." Ever since that time, Scar Face
has always been called Mistaken Morningstar.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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