The Sun Dance of the Blackfoot IndiansWissler, Clark
Religion
The Sun Dance of the Blackfoot Indians
Wissler, Clark
Siksika Indians; Sun dance
Two songs have a special place in the ceremony. They are sung by the men
as they ride into camp with the willows for the hundred-willow
sweathouse. They are sung again when the procession of pole raisers
moves up to raise the sun pole. Formerly, they were sung by any
considerable body of the tribe approaching the camp of strange Indians.
Likewise, when they approached a post to open trade.[18]
Red-plume, a Piegan, has a smudge stick on which are notches said to
represent the number of different songs used in the ceremonies of the
medicine woman. There are 413 which is said to be the full number of
songs. These, as has been stated in Volume 7, are in reality a part of
the beaver bundle ritual.
The singing at the dancing ceremonies after the sun lodge has been
erected is usually confined to the songs of various societies concerned.
There are, however, a few with characteristic airs that are regarded as
peculiarly appropriate to the occasion, regardless of who may be
dancing.
FOOTNOTES:
[18] For musical notation see McClintock, Walter, _The Old North
Trail, or Life, Legends and Religion of the Blackfoot Indians_
(London, 1910), 311.
THE SUN DANCE CAMP.
In a previous paper, we called attention to the belief that the camp
circle was formed expressly for the sun dance. Our informants say that
formerly the circle was formed by the assemblage of the bands some time
before the medicine woman began her fast. In winter, the tribes
scattered out, usually two to five bands in a camp, often many miles
apart. At the approach of summer, the husband of a woman having made a
vow to give the sun dance sends a man to look up the camps and invite
them to join his band. He carries tobacco and presents some to each head
man with the invitation. As the head men receive the invitation, they
order their bands to move, forming the circle at the medicine woman's
camp. Once formed, the circle is not broken until after the sun dance, a
period estimated at from two to four months. The whole body may move
about and even make long journeys aside from the four ceremonial moves
required while the medicine woman is fasting. After the sun dance, they
split up into parties for the fall hunt and finally went into winter
quarters. The import of our former statement is thus apparent. The
suggestion is that the camp circle is intimately associated with the sun
dance. At least, one point is clear, the camp circle is initiated by the
woman who starts the sun dance and even so is one of the preparatory
steps.
As previously stated in Volume 7 of this series, there is much
uncertainty as to the order of bands in the circle. We doubt if it ever
was absolutely fixed beyond change at the will of those in charge of the
sun dance proceedings.
MYTHOLOGICAL NOTES.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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