The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and WordsworthReynolds, Myra
History
The treatment of nature in English poetry between Pope and Wordsworth
Reynolds, Myra
English poetry -- History and criticism; Nature in literature
As we have just seen, the animals that Thomson described were those
that any country lad might know rather than those that had been
canonically set apart for poetical service. The same independent
judgment is evident in his study of other neglected realms in the
world of Nature. He gloried in storms and winter. Though he now and
then falls into the conventional phraseology, and speaks of winter as
drear and awful, he yet in the same breath exclaims that he finds its
horrors congenial. The contrast of a first winter in London turns his
mind with full emphasis to the days of his youth when he wandered with
unceasing joy through virgin snows, and listened to the roar of the
winds and the bursting torrent, and watched the deep tempest brewing in
the grim sky. Such experiences he remembers with joy for they “exalt
the soul to solemn thought.”[292] Through all the descriptive portions
of the “Winter” there is a vigorous, manly enthusiasm as tonic and
bracing as the bright, frosty days themselves. Thomson’s pleasure in
the sterner phenomena of Nature is further shown by his evident delight
in tracing the progress of any storm, whether the thunder storm of
summer,[293] the devastating wind and rain of autumn,[294] or the black
gloom of a winter tempest.[295] These fierce tempests certainly are of
more comparative importance in “The Seasons” than they are in Nature.
Their frequent choice may be in part due to their dramatic qualities
of rapidity and force. The crashing and hurtling of the elements was a
subject not unsuited to Thomson’s splendid but ponderous and swelling
style. But in the main it is only fair to suppose that he wrote of
storms well because he had many times watched them with an interest
that had made him remember them.
With many other aspects of Nature was Thomson familiar. He knew much
of the sky both by day and by night. His few short descriptions
of the starry heavens are worth more than all Young’s far-sought
epithets.[296] One phrase concerning the radiant orbs
That more than deck, that animate the sky,[297]
seems a conscious turning away from the old artificial conception. One
of the finest moonlight passages[298] is reminiscent of Milton in two
lines,
Now through the passing cloud she seems to stoop,
Now up the pure cerulean rides sublime,
but the close,
The whole air whitens with a boundless tide
Of silver radiance, trembling round the world,
is Thomson’s own, and is a good example of the full sweet harmony that
marks his verse at its best. There are many passages and apparently
casual phrases indicative of the closeness with which he watched
clouds.[299] The doubling fogs that roll around the hills and wrap the
world in a “formless gray confusion” through which the shepherd stalks
gigantic is described with a Wordsworthian felicity and precision.[300]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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