The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)Crooke, William
History
The tribes and castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, Volume 2 (of 4)
Crooke, William
Caste -- India -- History; Hindus -- India; Tribes -- India -- History
9. Further, Mr. Risley seems to be certainly right in dwelling on the
fact that while they have sections both of the territorial and
eponymous class, the former regulate the exogamy of the tribe, and not
the latter. Many lower castes have adopted Brâhmanical gotras; but it
is unreasonable to suppose that if the Bhuînhârs were originally
Brâhmans, and as such necessarily provided with a set of real
Brâhmanical gotras, they would deliberately have discarded them and
adopted a tribal organization of the territorial type. On this ground
he regards them as more probably a branch of the Râjputs.
10. The question then of the origin of the Bhuînhârs is not capable of
exact determination. Their traditions, customs, and appearance point
all to a Brâhmanical origin; their tribal organization seems to show
that they are not, as is asserted by some, Brâhmans, who for a reason
obviously inadequate, have been degraded from their original position.
They may be a real branch of the Aryan stock, who in very remote ages
colonised the part of the country which they occupy at present, and
being reduced by the exigencies of their position to abrogate their
sacerdotal functions, took to a life of war and agriculture, and in
consequence of this organized their tribe in a manner analogous to
those of the early Kshatriya settlers.
[Tribal organisation.] 11. As has been already said, the tribal
divisions of the Bhuînhârs are organised on both the territorial and
eponymous systems. Of the former the chief sub-divisions in the eastern
part of these Provinces are the Kinwâr, Donwâr, Sakarwâr, Baghochhiya,
Bemuwâr, Karenawa, Kotraha, Karmâi, Kolhaniyân, Athariya, Jaithariya,
Chaudhari, Kotaha, Sobraniyân, Belhariya, Domkatâr, Baksariya,
Eksariya, Gautamiya, Titiha, Bhaiwadh, Kolaha, Sorhaniya, Biruâr,
Surohau, Birramiya, Kahatwâr, Mirzapuri, Raikwâr and Parasiya. Besides
these are a number of sub-divisions of the Brâhmanical type, such as
Dikshit, Garga, Gautam, Sândilya, Pânrê, Dûbê, Tiwâri, Upâdhya, Pâthak,
Shukl, Kapilgotri, Kausik, Bhâradwâja, and Payâsi Misr. They further
enumerate eighty-four of the regular Brâhmanical gotras, such as
Kasyapa, Vasishtha, Parâsara, Bhârgava, Vatsya, Katyâyana, Gargya,
Gobhila, Angiras, and so on. But in carrying out the rules of exogamy
the mûl or territorial section is alone taken account of, and not the
Brâhmanical gotra. With this exception the prohibited degrees follow
the standard Brâhmanical formula. Some of these sections are possibly
totemistic, such as the Baghochhiya or “tiger” (bâgh); Domkatâr, “Dom’s
knife,” Belhariya, from the bel tree; and these sections carry with
them some degree of inferiority, which results in a form of hypergamy.
The Census returns give no less than four hundred and fifty-eight
Bhuînhâr sections: but here the territorial sections and the
Brâhmanical gotras are mixed up together. The most important local
sections according to these returns are the Chaudhari, Gautam, and
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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