The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom: A comprehensive historySiebert, Wilbur Henry
History
The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom: A comprehensive history
Siebert, Wilbur Henry
Fugitive slaves -- United States; Underground Railroad
Indiana, says that fugitives "commenced coming in 1820," and he
denominated himself "an agent since 1820," although he "never kept
a depot till 1852."[103] It is scarcely necessary to make a showing
of testimony to prove that an expansion of routes like that taking
place in Ohio and states farther east occurred also in Indiana.
[101] Stephen B. Weeks, _Southern Quakers and Slavery_, p. 242.
[102] _Reminiscences of Levi Coffin_, 2d ed., pp. 20, 21.
[103] Letter from John F. Williams, Economy, Ind., March 21,
1893. When this letter was written, Mr. Williams was eighty-one
years old. He was, he says, born in 1812. In 1820 he would have
been eight years old. Children were sometimes sent to carry food
to refugees in hiding, or to do other little services with which
they could be safely trusted. Such experiences were apt to make
deep impressions on their young memories.
It is doubtful at what time stations first came to exist in
Illinois. Mr. H. B. Leeper, an old resident of that state, assigns
their origin to the years 1819 and 1820, at which time a small
colony of anti-slavery people from Brown County, Ohio, settled in
Bond County, southern Illinois. Emigrations from this locality to
Putnam County, about 1830, led, he thinks, to the establishment
there of a new centre for this work. These settlers were persons
that had left South Carolina on account of slavery, and during their
residence in Brown County, Ohio, had accepted the abolitionist views
of the Rev. James Gilliland, a Presbyterian preacher of Red Oak;
and in Illinois they did not shrink from putting their principles
into practice. This account is plausible, and as it is substantiated
in certain parts by facts from the history of Brown County, Ohio,
it may be considered probable in those parts that are and must
remain without corroboration. Concerning his father Mr. Leeper
writes: "John Leeper moved from Marshall County, Tennessee, to Bond
County, Illinois, in 1816. Was a hater of slavery.... Remained
in Bond County until 1823, then moved to Jacksonville, Morgan
County, and in 1831 to Putnam County, and in 1833 to Bureau County,
Illinois.... My father's house was always a hiding-place for the
fugitive from slavery."[104] On the basis of this testimony, and
the probability in the case, we may believe that the underground
movement in Illinois dates back, at least, to the time of the
admission of Illinois into the Union, that is, to 1818. Soon after
1835, the movement seems to have become well established, and to
have increased in importance with considerable rapidity till the War.
[104] Letter from H. B. Leeper, Princeton, Ill., received Dec.
19, 1895. Mr. Leeper is seventy-five years of age. His letter
shows a knowledge of the localities of which he writes, Bond
County in southwestern Illinois, and Bureau and Putnam Counties
in the central part of the state.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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