The White Eagle of PolandBenson, E. F. (Edward Frederic)
History
The White Eagle of Poland
Benson, E. F. (Edward Frederic)
Poland -- History -- German occupation, 1914-1918; Polish question
It is no wonder that, when we consider that these levies were made on a
population that was already starving, the destitution of thousands
became appalling, and in especial the mortality among infants. In many
towns milk and all fats were absolutely non-existent; we read of
children so soft of bone that they could not stand upright, and of a
plague of scurvy in Warsaw, which affected 90 per cent. of the poorer
classes. Food-riots were frequent, and were suppressed with Prussian
thoroughness. Yet when the British Foreign Office asked Berlin for a
guarantee that supplies let through the blockade should be used for
Poland and not for Germany, and that the native foodstuffs should not be
used for the maintenance of the occupying armies, it was refused.
Needless to say, a chorus of vituperation burst from the Press at
British inhumanity, which inhumanity consisted precisely in this,
namely, that the British Government did not see its way to let the
charity of other countries revictual Germany. Such relief as reached
Poland by land routes was put into the hands of Hindenburg to
administer, which augured well for the comfort of German soldiers, if
not for that of those for whom it was sent.
This policy of starving the Poles in order to supply their own wants
both Germany and Austria continued brutally to exercise, and as late as
November, 1917, innumerable trucks of fruit, corn and potatoes were
passing out of the starving country into that of its occupiers. We may
judge from this what fraction of foreign supplies would have been
allowed to feed the people for whom they were to be sent.[14]
The starvation which was intended to further Polish emigration into
Germany failed in its effect, and we find that only about 21,000 Poles
were induced to go, of whom a certain number were taken by force. They
did not respond at all eagerly to the bait of “peace and plenty” in the
Fatherland, and they viewed with a suspicion that their “deliverers”
could ill understand, letters purporting to come from their countrymen
there who spoke of the delightful conditions prevailing in Germany. On
one occasion von Beseler, the German Governor of Warsaw, sent such an
account to the Editor of a Warsaw paper, who refused to publish it
unless he inserted a footnote saying that the entire communication came
from the German military authorities. For this contumacy he was fined
4,000 marks. Those of the Poles who went were, like the Jews and natives
from Lithuania, not permitted to return, and we hear of some of them at
work in the Zeppelin sheds at Oldenburg, while interned Polish prisoners
were trained and sent to the front.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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