The Wonders of Instinct: Chapters in the Psychology of InsectsFabre, Jean-Henri
Science
The Wonders of Instinct: Chapters in the Psychology of Insects
Fabre, Jean-Henri
Insects; Instinct
They gain the summit of the plant by way of the wire trellis of the
cage. Here are repeated, with increased hesitation, due to the
inconvenient nature of the support, the tactics employed to remove the
body when the soil is unfavourable. The insect props itself against a
branch, thrusting alternately with back and claws, jerking and shaking
vigorously until the point where at it is working is freed from its
fetters. In one brief shift, by dint of heaving their backs, the two
collaborators extricate the body from the entanglement of twigs. Yet
another shake; and the Mouse is down. The burial follows.
There is nothing new in this experiment; the find has been dealt with
just as though it lay upon soil unsuitable for burial. The fall is the
result of an attempt to transport the load.
The time has come to set up the Frog's gibbet celebrated by Gledditsch.
The batrachian is not indispensable; a Mole will serve as well or even
better. With a ligament of raphia I fix him, by his hind-legs, to a
twig which I plant vertically in the ground, inserting it to no great
depth. The creature hangs plumb against the gibbet, its head and
shoulders making ample contact with the soil.
The gravediggers set to work beneath the part which lies upon the
ground, at the very foot of the stake; they dig a funnel-shaped hole,
into which the muzzle, the head and the neck of the mole sink little by
little. The gibbet becomes uprooted as they sink and eventually falls,
dragged over by the weight of its heavy burden. I am assisting at the
spectacle of the overturned stake, one of the most astonishing examples
of rational accomplishment which has ever been recorded to the credit
of the insect.
This, for one who is considering the problem of instinct, is an
exciting moment. But let us beware of forming conclusions as yet; we
might be in too great a hurry. Let us ask ourselves first whether the
fall of the stake was intentional or fortuitous. Did the Necrophori lay
it bare with the express intention of causing it to fall? Or did they,
on the contrary, dig at its base solely in order to bury that part of
the mole which lay on the ground? that is the question, which, for the
rest, is very easy to answer.
The experiment is repeated; but this time the gibbet is slanting and
the Mole, hanging in a vertical position, touches the ground at a
couple of inches from the base of the gibbet. Under these conditions
absolutely no attempt is made to overthrow the latter. Not the least
scrape of a claw is delivered at the foot of the gibbet. The entire
work of excavation is accomplished at a distance, under the body, whose
shoulders are lying on the ground. There--and there only--a hole is dug
to receive the free portion of the body, the part accessible to the
sextons.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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