The Works of Sir Thomas Browne, Volume 2Browne, Thomas, Sir
Religion
The Works of Sir Thomas Browne, Volume 2
Browne, Thomas, Sir
Christianity; Ethics; Religion and medicine
Again, Though many there be which make out their nominations, as the
Hedg-hog, Sea-serpents and others; yet are there also very many that
bear the name of animals at Land, which hold no resemblance in corporal
configuration; in which account we compute _Vulpecula_, _Canis_, _Rana_,
_Passer_, _Cuculus_, _Asellus_, _Turdus_, _Lepus_, etc. Wherein while
some are called the Fox, the Dog, the Sparrow or Frog-fish: and are
known by common names with those at Land; yet as their describers
attest, they receive not these appellations from a total similitude in
figure, but any concurrence in common accidents, in colour, condition or
single conformation. As for Sea-horses which much confirm this
assertion; in their common descriptions, they are but Crotesco
deliniations which fill up empty spaces in Maps, and meer pictorial
inventions, not any Physical shapes: sutable unto those which (as
_Pliny_ delivereth) _Praxiteles_ long ago set out in the Temple of
_Domitius_. For that which is commonly called a Sea-horse, is properly
called a Morse, and makes not out that shape. That which the Ancients
named _Hippocampus_ is a little animal about six inches long, and not
preferred beyond the classis of Insects. That which they termed
_Hippopotamus_ an amphibious animal, about the River _Nile_, so little
resembleth an horse, that as _Mathiolus_ observeth, in all except the
feet, it better makes out a swine. That which they termed a Lion, was
but a kind of Lobster: that which they called the Bear, was but one
kind of Crab: and that which they named _Bos marinus_, was not as we
conceive a fish resembling an Ox, but a Skait or Thornback, so named
from its bigness, expressed by the Greek word _Bous_, which is a prefix
of augmentation to many words in that language.
And therefore although it be not denied that some in the water do carry
a justifiable resemblance to some at Land, yet are the major part which
bear their names unlike; nor do they otherwise resemble the creatures on
earth, then they on earth the constellations which pass under animal
names in heaven: nor the Dog fish at Sea much more make out the Dog of
the Land, then that his cognominal or name-sake in the heavens. Now if
from a similitude in some, it be reasonable to infer a correspondence in
all, we may draw this analogy of animals upon plants; for vegetables
there are which carry a near and allowable similitude unto animals. [SN:
Fab. column. de stirp. rarioribus, Orchis, Cercopithecophora,
Anthropophora.] We might also conclude that animal shapes were generally
made out in minerals: for several stones there are that bear their names
in relation to animals or their parts, as _Lapis anguinus_, _Conchites_,
_Echinites_, _Encephalites, Ægopthalmus_, and many more; as will appear
in the Writers of Minerals, and especially in _Bœtius_ and
_Aldrovandus_.
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