Aeronautics -- United States -- Biography; Wright, Orville, 1871-1948; Wright, Wilbur, 1867-1912
Another change that improved control of the 1905 machine was in giving
the wings considerably less angle at the tips than in the central part.
By this arrangement, the tips stalled later than other parts of the
wings and some lateral control remained even after the central part of
the wings were in a stalled condition.
After the Wrights had made the blades of their propellers much
wider and thinner than the original ones, they discovered that the
performance of the propellers in flight did not agree closely with
their calculations, as in the earlier propellers. They could see only
one reason for this, and that was that the propeller blades twisted
from their normal shape under pressure in flight. To find out quickly
if this was the real reason, they fastened to each blade a small
surface, like an elevator, out behind the blades, set at an angle to
balance the pressures that were distorting the blades. They called the
surfaces “little jokers.” When they found that the “little jokers”
cured the trouble, they dispensed with them and began to give the
blades a backward sweep, which served the same purpose.
In the flying season of 1905, the control of the machine was much
improved by increasing the area of the front rudder from 50 to 85
square feet, and by moving it to nearly twice the distance from the
wings. This added distance made response to the movement of the rudder
slower, and control of the machine much easier.
The lateral control also was improved by enlarging the rear rudder from
20 to 34 square feet, and by moving it to a position three feet farther
back of the wings.
On account of frequent rains, the soggy condition of the field, and
other weather conditions, only nine attempts to fly were made in the
first two months of experiments in 1905, and only three of these lasted
for as much as ten seconds. But after the first of September progress
was rapid.
During all this time, the newspapers had continued to let the Wrights
alone. Indeed, the failure of the newspapers in Dayton and elsewhere
to say much about the history-making experiments at Huffman field was
often used as an argument to prove that there couldn’t be any truth in
the rumors that men had actually contrived a successful flying-machine.
“You couldn’t have kept a thing like that _secret_. Some reporter
surely would have _heard_ about it!”
Dan Kumler, who was city editor of James M. Cox’s _Daily News_, in
Dayton, during those early years of flying, recalled in 1940, not long
before his death, that many people who had been on interurban cars
passing the Huffman field and seen the Wrights in the air used to come
to the _Daily News_ office to inquire why there was nothing in the
paper about the flights.
“Such callers,” said Kumler, “got to be a nuisance.”
“And why wasn’t there anything in the paper?” Kumler was asked.
“We just didn’t believe it,” he said. “Of course you remember that the
Wrights at that time were terribly secretive.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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