Theory of the Earth, With Proofs and Illustrations, Volume 1 (of 4)Hutton, James
Science
Theory of the Earth, With Proofs and Illustrations, Volume 1 (of 4)
Hutton, James
Geology -- Early works to 1800
§ 1048. "Cette roche mélangée continue jusqu'à ce que le rocher
s'éloigne un peu du grand chemin. Là, ce rocher se présente coupé à
pic dans une grande étendue, et divisé par de grandes fentes obliques,
à-peu-près parallèles entr'elles. Ces fentes partagent la montagne en
grandes tranches de 50 à 60 pieds d'épaisseur, que de loin semblent être
des couches. Mais lorsqu'on s'en approche, on voit, par le tissu même
de la pierre feuilletée, que ses vraies couches font avec l'horizon des
angles de 70 à 75 degré, et que ces grandes divisions sont de vraies
fentes par lesquelles un grand nombre de couches consécutives sont
coupées presque perpendiculairement à leurs plans. Les masses de rocher,
comprises entre ces grandes fentes, sont encore divisées par d'autres
fentes plus petites, dont la plupart sont paralleles aux grandes,
d'autres leur sont obliques; mais toutes sont à très-peu-près
perpendiculaires aux plans des couchés dont la montagne est composée."
Here is a distinct view of that which may be found to take place in all
consolidated strata, whatever be the composition of the stratum; and
it is this appearance which is here maintained to be a physical
demonstration, that those strata had been consolidated by means of
heat softening their materials. In that case, those stratified
bodies, contracting in cooling, form veins and fissures traversing
perpendicularly their planes; and these veins are afterwards filled with
mineral substances. These are what I have here distinguished as the
_particular_ veins of mineral masses; things perfectly different from
proper mineral or metallic veins, which are more general, as belonging
to immense masses of those strata; and which had been formed, not from
the contraction, but from the disrupture of those masses, and by the
forcible injection of fluid mineral substances from below. Now these two
species of veins, the particular and the general, although occasionally
connected, must be in science carefully distinguished; in the one, we
see the means which had been employed for the consolidation of the
strata; in the other, we see that power by which the strata have been
raised from the bottom of the sea and placed in the atmosphere.]
Error never can be consistent, nor can truth fail of having support from
the accurate examination of every circumstance. It is not enough to
have found appearances decisive of the question, with regard to the
two suppositions which have been now considered, we may farther seek
confirmation of that supposition which has been found alone consistent
with appearances.
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