----------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+---------- | 1857.[9] | December, | December, | | At Tjibodas. | 1859.[112] | 1860.[113] | 1861. +--------------+-------------+-------------+---------- _C. Calisaya_ | 37 | 3,201 | 7,316 | ? | | | | _C. lancifolia_ | 3 | 45 | 80 | ? | | | | _C. Pahudiana_ | 60 | 96,838 | 939,809 | Millions. ----------------+--------------+-------------+-------------+---------- Yet, so great are the difficulties of this most important undertaking, that, in spite of the comparative failure in Java, the highest praise and admiration are due both to M. Hasskarl and to his successors. They have devoted great ability, no ordinary amount of scientific knowledge, and untiring perseverance to this good work; and, now that they have received plants of other really valuable species from India, there is a prospect that the chinchona cultivation in Java may eventually attain such a measure of success as will entitle Dr. Junghuhn and Dr. de Vry to the gratitude of their countrymen.[114] CHAPTER IV. INTRODUCTION OF CHINCHONA-PLANTS INTO INDIA. PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. THE distribution of valuable products of the vegetable kingdom amongst the nations of the earth--their introduction from countries where they are indigenous into distant lands with suitable soils and climates--is one of the greatest benefits that civilization has conferred upon mankind. Such measures ensure immediate material increase of comfort and profit, while their effects are more durable than the proudest monuments of engineering skill. With all their shortcomings, the Spaniards can point to vast plains covered with wheat and barley, to valleys waving with sugar-cane, and to hill-slopes enriched by vineyards and coffee-plantations, as the fruits of their conquest of South America. On the other hand, India owes to America the aloes which line the roads in Mysore, the delicious anonas, the arnotto-tree, the sumach, the capsicums so extensively used in native curries, the pimento, the papaw, the cassava which now forms the staple food of the people of Travancore, the potato, tobacco, Indian corn, pine-apples, American cotton, and lastly the chinchona: while the slopes of the Himalayas are enriched by tea-plantations, and the hills of Southern India are covered with rows of coffee-trees.