At 4 o’clock P.M., we reached a place by the side of a small stream, where I determined to remain for the night; and, while the blacks were occupied in cutting wood for a fire and in preparing dinner, I took a walk up the course of the little stream. As I estimated this spot to be at an elevation of about 4,500 feet, I naturally expected a vegetation different from that in the valley below. The first plant that attracted my attention was what I imagined to be a fine individual of _Cereus truncatus_, in full flower, hanging from the under side of the trunk of a large tree that was bent over the stream, but on getting possession of it, it proved to be a new, and, perhaps, a still more beautiful species. I have named it _Cereus Russellianus_, in honour of His Grace the late Duke of Bedford, one of the most liberal supporters of my mission to Brazil: it has since been introduced to the hot-houses of England. A little way further up the stream, by the side of a small waterfall, and on a slanting bank near it, grew great abundance of a fine dark red-flowered _Amaryllis_. This spot is one of the most charming I have ever seen. The bed of the stream is about ten feet broad, but it is only during heavy rains that the water covers this space; at this time the stream was little more than perceptible. The water falls over three successive shelves of granite, each about eight feet high, the faces of which are covered with mosses. Along the stream at the bottom of the fall there are several middle-sized trees, the branches of which are festooned with the long branches of a _Fuchsia_, loaded with splendid crimson flowers. By the side of the fall there are several bushes of a large-flowered _Pleroma_, and, along with them, a few of a red-blossomed _Esterhazya_, and a broad thick-leaved species of _Clusia_ (_C. fragrans_, Gard.), loading the atmosphere with a delightful odour arising from its large white blossoms; beneath these grow the _Amaryllis_, an _Eryngium_, several _Tillandsias_, and many _Ferns_. Having gained the upper part of the fall, I found a space, extending to a considerable distance on each side and for some way up the mountain, destitute of trees—nothing but bare portions of rock, with occasional masses of low shrubs and herbaceous plants. Among the _Orchideæ_, the beautiful _Zygopetalon Mackaii_ and the odoriferous _Maxillaria picta_ were not the least common. Darkness now beginning to set in, I returned to the encampment, where I found a large fire lighted; the evening was so fine that I considered the erection of a hut unnecessary, and lay down about eight P.M., on a few palm leaves by the fire, with my Poncho round me, to pass the night.