7. =Pyrus Americàna=, DC. (AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH.) Leaflets 13 to 15, lanceolate, bright green, nearly smooth, taper-pointed, sharply serrate with pointed teeth. Leaf-buds pointed, glabrous and somewhat glutinous. Flowers white, 1/3 in., in large, flat, compound cymes. In June. Fruit berry-like pomes, the size of small peas, bright scarlet when ripe in September, and hanging on the tree till winter. A tall shrub or tree, 15 to 30 ft. high, in swamps and mountain woods; more abundant northward. Often cultivated for the showy clusters of berries in autumn. [Illustration: P. sambucifòlia.] 8. =Pyrus sambucifòlia=, Cham. & Schlecht. (ELDER-LEAVED MOUNTAIN-ASH.) Leaflets oblong, oval or lance-ovate, obtuse (sometimes abruptly sharp-pointed), usually doubly serrate with rather spreading teeth, generally pale beneath. Leaf-buds somewhat hairy. Flowers and berries larger, but in smaller clusters, than the preceding species. The berries globose when ripe, 1/3 in. broad, bright red. This species, much like Pyrus Americana, is found wild in northern New England and westward. [Illustration: P. aucupària.] 9. =Pyrus aucupària=, Gaertn. (EUROPEAN MOUNTAIN-ASH, OR ROWAN-TREE.) Much like Pyrus Americana, but the leaflets are paler and more obtuse, with their lower surface downy. Leaf-buds blunter and densely covered with hairs. Flowers larger, ½ in. or more in diameter. Fruit also much larger, sometimes nearly ½ in. in diameter. Beautiful tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, often cultivated. GENUS =38. CRATÆGUS.= Thorny shrubs or small trees with simple, alternate, serrate, doubly serrate or lobed leaves. Flowers cherry-like blossoms, usually white in color and growing in corymbs, generally on the ends of side shoots; in spring. Fruit a berry or drupe with 1 to 5 bony stones, tipped with the 5 persistent calyx-teeth; ripe in autumn. * Calyx, stipules, bracts, etc., often glandular. (=A.=) =A.= Flowers and fruit often over 6 in a cluster. (=B.=) =B.= Leaves usually abrupt at base 1. =B.= Leaves usually attenuate at base 2. =A.= Flowers and fruit few, 1 to 6 in a cluster 10. * Calyx, etc., without glands (No. 4 has glandular teeth to the calyx); flowers many in a cluster. (=C.=) =C.= Leaves more or less tapering at base. (=D.=) =D.= Leaves generally lobed; cultivated, rarely escaped 3. =D.= Leaves rarely lobed; native. (=E.=) =E.= Leaves small, shining, crenate at the end 5. =E.= Leaves villous or pubescent, at least when young 9. =E.= Leaves smooth or only downy at the axils, acutely serrate. South 7. =C.= Leaves usually abrupt at base, sometimes cordate. (=F.=) =F.= Leaves downy when young. (=G.=) =G.= Leaves usually lobed 4.