The said re-issued patents further assert that “Gun-cotton will explode in proportion to the degree of confinement, igniting at 266°F.” The celebrated chemist of the English War Department, F. A. Abel, who has made the most extended researches upon gun cotton on record, asserts in his paper published in the Philosophical transactions for 1869 (an abstract of which appears in the Journal of the Chemical Society of London for 1869, Volume XXIII., page 11,) “that rows of detached masses of gun cotton, placed on the ground, and extended 4 or 5 feet, have been exploded with most destructive results by firing a small detonating tube in contact with the piece of compressed gun cotton which formed one extremity of the row or train, the explosion of the entire quantity being apparently instantaneous and equally violent throughout.” And further that these and similar experiments “appear to indicate decisively that such explosion is not a result of the heat developed by the explosion of the detonating materials.” I have witnessed the manufacture of Nitro-Glycerin as practised by the defendant Mowbray, at his works situated near the West Shaft of the Hoosac Tunnel, in Massachusetts, and after a full examination of the mode said to have been the invention of Alfred Nobel, and described in the before-mentioned re-issued patents, find that the process actually in daily use, at said Mowbray’s works, is that described in said Mowbray’s patent No. 76,499, dated April 7th, 1868, which process is substantially different from that described in the complainant’s re-issues hereinbefore set forth. According to said re-issues, Nobel’s process consists in running two separate streams, the one of Glycerin, the other of mixed nitric and sulphuric acids simultaneously into a conical vessel which is perforated at the lower portion thereof, through which perforations the mixture of acids and Glycerin passes into a vessel placed beneath, containing water. In the Mowbray process, a single fine stream of Glycerin is allowed to run into a previously cooled mixture of sulphuric and nitric acids, through and into which cooled mixture of acids is continuously forced, while the Glycerin is entering, a current of atmospheric air, previously artificially dried, compressed and cooled. The action of this current of air is an essentially important and useful one, both upon the process itself and upon the resulting product. First, as to mechanical effects: it thoroughly incorporates the ingredients; it removes in part the nitrous fumes which would otherwise be retained by and contaminate the product, and it cools the mixture by absorbing the heat produced by the chemical reaction of the ingredients. Second, as to the chemical effects: by the action of the oxygen which this air contains it oxidizes the nitrous acid, which may be present in the acids or may be produced in the reaction, to nitric acid, and thus economizes the materials, increases