In the collections of the Museum of the American Indian, Heye
Foundation, are three mirrors faced with highly-polished marcasite
on their original matrices, apparently slate--the only specimens of
this character that we have seen. Two of these mirrors, which were
collected by William Niven from ancient graves near Iguala, Guerrero,
are perforated for suspension, and all three average five inches in
diameter and a quarter of an inch in thickness. With these mirrors
were found numerous little unpolished cubes of iron pyrites, which
may have been intended for use in mosaic-work. There are, however, a
number of rather thin, flat, irregularly shaped pieces, with very thin
matrix of stone, and with beveled edges, which unquestionably have been
parts of mirrors made in mosaic fashion similar to those found in the
Cuilapa grave, the only difference being that the inlays from Iguala
are larger and thicker than those on the Cuilapa specimens, which are
simply thin sheets of hematite. The region where the Iguala specimens
were discovered was probably the seat of a people of Nahuan culture.
[Illustration: PL. XVIII
MASK OF HUMAN SKULL WITH MOSAIC DECORATION
ETHNOGRAPHICAL MUSEUM, BERLIN]
In 1908 Dr. Manuel Gamio conducted an important excavation of an
ancient building at the site known as the monuments of Alta Vista, near
Chalchihuites, Zacatecas, in northern Mexico. In a large chamber called
the Hall of the Columns, Gamio found two mosaics in a small circular
compartment in the concrete floor. One of these was a disc of yellow
pottery encircled by a ring of wood, the entire object being about two
and three-quarters inches in diameter and three-eighths of an inch
thick. The wooden ring bore traces of a coating of resin, and many tiny
bits which formed the mosaic incrustation were found with it, although
not in place. The bits that had formed the mosaic were thin plates
of worked turquois, beryl, and steatite. From the fact that the disc
contained perforations, evidently for suspension, Gamio described it as
a breast ornament.
The other mosaic piece Gamio believes to have been a labret. He writes
that “at first glance its shape may be described as resembling the
bridge of a violin.... Its nucleus is wood, carved to represent two
symmetrical figures of an alligator (_caiman_), united at the belly.
Crowning the head are two head plumes, each having two branches. Above
the point of union of the two reptiles there is a square projection
with a perforation.”[78] The surface of the ornament had been covered
with small spherical plates of turquois, beryl, and steatite.
Near these two mosaic ornaments were found numerous small pieces of
turquois and beryl of different shapes.
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