[129] On page 314 she mentions six Ahshiwanni as “rain priests.” I
am not able to definitely decide from the text whether these six are
the same as the fourteen mentioned above. It is not clear to me in
which group Mrs Stevenson places the “Mud-heads” and “Gluttons,” well
described by Ten Broeck in 1852 from Tusayan, and later by herself and
Cushing from Zuñi, and by other writers from the Rio Grande pueblos.
[130] If these statements are true one sees that they tell in favor of
the theory which the ritual emphasized, and that while in a general way
there is a similarity between the ceremonial system of the two people,
it is absurd to say that “what is written of one is true also of the
other.” Long ago their systems may have been identical; at present they
have more or less differentiated one from the other. In Zuñi, according
to Mrs Stevenson, “at the winter and summer solstices synchronal
meetings of most of these societies are held, and also at other times.”
After having carefully studied the ceremonials at the time of the
summer solstice at Tusayan, I have not found any synchronal meetings
of the societies which correspond with those mentioned as occurring at
Zuñi at that time.
[131] It is desirable that the names of the priests who officiate
in ceremonials be given in extended accounts of them in order that
the intimate character of this sacerdotal organization may be made
out. Until the names of the members of the different societies are
complete we are more or less hampered in our studies. The Zuñi
equivalent of wympkia appears to be kyalikwe (Tcihkyalikwe, Snake
priests from tcihtola, snake, and kyalikwe, wympkia). I am unable to
tell to what priests in Tusayan the “Ahshiwanni” correspond. The Tawa
(Sun) wympkia or Sun priests have certain points in common with them,
but this is as truly an esoteric society as any in Tusayan. I have
elsewhere described the Tewa ceremony in which the Sun priests make
the páhos and their chief, Kálacai, appeals directly to the rising
sun. In that same ceremony páhos are likewise made to the Rain gods
directly. In the Katcina celebrations some of the same Sun priests,
however, appeal to the leader of the Katcinas to bring them rain, and
this personage replies that he will. In this case, supposing, as I
think we justly can, that the Katcinas are intercessors between men
and gods of highest rank, we have in Tusayan the possible equivalent
of the “Ahshiwanni (rain priests)” intrusting their prayers to a
zoomorphic and anthropomorphic supernatural personage. The prayer of a
single chief for rain for the people, showing something similar to the
so-called Ahshiwanni at Zuñi, are not uncommon in Tusayan. In Tusayan
an organization of rain priests is not differentiated at the present
day from the other societies. All holders of wímis are Rain priests, as
well as the organization called the Sun priests, and all at times make
special prayers to the Rain gods.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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