U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central FrontMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central Front
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
If these surveys revealed any sign of any enemy concentration, either
of men or supplies, JOC scrambled special bombing strikes against them.
Although Marine fliers could readily see the advantages of covering
the same ground daily, it made for monotony on reconnaissance
missions. Only a highly unusual spectacle would startle a pilot, but
First Lieutenant Weldon R. Mitchell blinked when he saw a camel in
his gunsights.[87] Shaggy little Mongolian horses were no novelty as
ammunition bearers, and after recovering from his first astonishment
the VMF-311 pilot cut loose with .50 caliber machine gun slugs. As he
suspected, the camel’s pack contained ammunition and the animal was all
but vaporized in the explosion.
[87] _Naval Aviation News_, Apr 51, 8.
Major Bush’s photographic unit had an important part in keeping the
enemy under constant surveillance. The Fifth Air Force directed on
16 February that all photo requests were to be screened by the Fifth
Air Force’s 543d Tactical Support Group at Taegu. Under the tactical
coordination of this Group, the Marine unit was to fill all Navy and
Marine requests. When not on such missions, it would be fitted into the
Fifth Air Force photographic reconnaissance program.[88]
[88] 1st MAW and MAG-12 _HD_s, Feb 51.
Pinpoint photos of suspected troop areas and such terrain features as
defiles, junctions, detours, and bridges were in demand. The fact had
to be faced that the enemy was almost unbelievably clever at camouflage
and concealment. In one instance it was found that the Chinese had
constructed bridge sections which they hid by day and put to use at
night.[89] On another occasion they sank a bridge by means of weights
so that it remained far enough beneath the surface of the water in the
daytime to avoid detection by reconnaissance aircraft.
[89] MajGen H. L. Litzenberg, ltr of 14 Jun 57.
When the photo planes carried out missions as far north as MIG
Alley[90] they flew in pairs. A fighter circled overhead to protect the
photo pilot from an enemy air attack while he paid full attention to
the task of “shooting” the terrain with his camera.
[90] MIG Alley was the name the American airmen gave the area
along the Yalu River where Communist jets were active.
_Planning for the New Operation_
Adaptability to changing circumstances had already become perhaps the
outstanding quality of the revitalized Eighth Army. No better example
could be found than the evolution of Operation KILLER, which completed
the cycle from concept to plan and execution in just three days.
On 18 February 1951, General Ridgway learned that the enemy was
apparently withdrawing. IX Corps and X Corps units had probed forward
that morning without meeting any opposition. Before nightfall the
commanding general decided to launch a limited objectives offensive by
the entire Eighth Army. He called a planning conference for the 19th
and set the 21st as D-Day for the new operation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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