During this same summer, Thomas Pinckney, at the Court of Madrid, was trying to secure the liberation of the Southwest from the control of Spain. On October 27, 1795, the treaty of San Lorenzo was signed, which conceded the thirty-first parallel as the northern boundary of West Florida from the Mississippi to the Apalachicola. This was in itself a notable achievement; but even more important to the people of the Western world was the declaration that the Mississippi River should be open to their commerce with the right of deposit at New Orleans. The mission of Adams at the Court of St. James was not less successful. The Ministry agreed to modify the objectionable order in council and to accept the treaty without the twelfth article. With a deep sense of relief Washington promulgated the treaty as the law of the land on February 27, 1795. With these three treaties of 1795, not only was war averted, but our slender hold upon the vast tract between the Alleghanies and the Mississippi immeasurably strengthened, if not secured for all time. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE The attitude of historical writers toward the events recorded in this chapter has been considerably altered since the publication of a series of articles by F. J. Turner. The more important of these contributions are: "The Origin of Genet's Projected Attack on Louisiana and the Floridas" (_American Historical Review_, III); "The Policy of France toward the Mississippi Valley" (_Ibid._, X); and "The Diplomatic Contest for the Mississippi Valley" (_Atlantic Monthly_, XCIII). Nearly all the authorities cited in the foregoing chapter deal in greater or less detail with the diplomatic events of Washington's Administrations. The following may be added to the list: Trescott, _Diplomatic History of the Administrations of Washington and Adams_ (1857); F. A. Ogg, _The Opening of the Mississippi_ (1904); C. D. Hazen, _Contemporary American Opinion of the French Revolution_ (1897). The story of the expeditions against the Indians of the Northwest is told by Roosevelt, _Winning of the West_ (vol. IV). A reliable account of the Whiskey Insurrection is given in Brackenridge, _History of the Western Insurrection_ (1859). CHAPTER V ANGLOMEN AND JACOBINS