Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
Berger (1952), in his description of the Black-billed Cuckoo (_Coccyzus
erythrophthalmus_), also divides the obturator complex into an obturator
internus and an obturator externus; the latter he subdivides into a
dorsal and a ventral part. He states (p. 530) that he did not find any
measurable differences in myology between _C. erythrophthalmus_ and _C.
americanus_. In order better to compare this arrangement with that in
_Tympanuchus_, I have examined two specimens of _C. americanus_. My
findings in the latter differ from Berger's description (p. 541) in one
respect. Whereas Berger states that the dorsal and ventral parts of M.
obturator externus are distinct except at their origin, I find them
fused for their entire length; the muscle fibers that connect these two
parts lie deep to the tendon of M. obturator internus. The origin of all
parts of the complex in _Coccyzus_ is similar to that in _Tympanuchus_.
The only notable difference in configuration is that the part in
_Coccyzus_ that appears to correspond to the obturator externus of
Hudson, _et al._ (1959) is not separate from the remainder of the
extrapelvic part of the muscle. Berger (1952) considers all parts of the
muscle having an extrapelvic origin to make up the obturator externus.
It appears to me that the dorsal part and a part of the ventral part of
the obturator externus of Berger correspond to the extrapelvic fleshy
part of the obturator internus of Hudson, _et al._
From my limited study, it seems to me to be desirable to recognize four
subdivisions of the obturator complex, for which I propose the terms
pars antica, pars dorsalis, pars ventralis, and pars postica. These
parts exhibit various degrees of fusion in different groups of birds and
some parts appear to be absent in certain birds. A study of a wide
variety of birds will be required to determine whether or not a
subdivision into the four parts proposed here is suitable for birds as a
whole.
Applying these terms to _Coccyzus_, pars postica is equivalent to the
entire obturator internus of Berger (1952). Pars dorsalis is apparently
equivalent to the dorsal part of Berger's obturator externus. The
ventral part of the obturator externus of Berger represents the fused
pars antica and pars ventralis.
The main parts of the obturator muscle appear to be pars postica and
pars antica. Pars dorsalis and pars ventralis are more variable; in
_Coccyzus_ these two parts are closely associated with pars antica
whereas in _Tympanuchus_ they are most closely associated with pars
postica. Apparently pars dorsalis and pars ventralis may be absent in
some birds.
_T. pallidicinctus_
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