_Aniline._ Discovered 1826 (_anil. Span. indigo_). First prepared from indigo by means of caustic potash, found in coal, 1834. Manufactured on a large scale after Perkin's discovery of mauve in 1856. _Annatta._ (Annotto, Arnotto, Roucou.) A dye obtained from the pulp surrounding the seeds of the _Bixa orellana_; chiefly used in dyeing silk an orange colour, but is of a fugitive nature. _Argol._ The tartar deposited from wines completely fermented, and adhering to the sides of casks as a hard crust. When purified it becomes Cream of Tartar. _Beck._ A large vessel or tub used in dyeing. _Bois jaune._ Fustic, yellow wood. _Carthamus._ Safflower, an annual plant cultivated in South Europe, Egypt and Asia, for the red dye from its flowers. _Caustic Soda._ Carbonate of soda, boiled with lime. _Coal Tar Colours._ Colours obtained by distillation and chemical treatment from coal tar, a product of coal during the making of gas. There are over 2,000 colours in use. _Detergent._ A cleansing agent. _Dip._ Generally applied to immersing cloth, etc., in the blue vat. _Divi-Divi._ The dried pods of _Caesalpina coriaria_ growing in the West Indies and S. America; they contain 20 to 35% tannin and a brown colouring matter. _Dyer's Spirit._ Aqua fortis, 10 parts; sal ammoniac, 5 parts; tin, 2 parts; dissolved together. _Enter._ To enter wool, to put it into the dye or mordant liquor. _Fenugrec._ Fenugreek _Trigonnella faenugraecum_. _Flavin._ A colouring matter extracted from Quercitron. _Full, to._ To treat or beat cloth for the purpose of cleansing and thickening it. _Fuller's herb._ _Saponaria officinalis._ A plant used in the process of fulling. _Fuller's Thistle_, or teasle. _Dipsacus fullonum._ Used for fulling cloth. _Fustet._ Young fustic. Venetian Sumach _Rhus cotinus_. It gives a fine orange colour, which has not much permanence. _Galls, Gall nuts._ Oak galls produced by the egg of an insect,--the female gall wasp. An excrescence is produced round the egg, and the insect, when developed, pierces a hole and escapes. Those gall nuts which are not pierced contain most tannic acid. The best come from Aleppo and Turkey. _Gramme_ or _Gram_. About 15-1/2 grains (Troy). _Kilo. Kilogramme._ Equals 2 lbs. 3.2 oz. _Litre._ Nearly 1-3/4 pints. _Lixivitation._ The process of separating a soluble substance from an insoluble by the percolation of water. _Lixivium._ (Lye.) A term often used in old dye books, water impregnated with alkaline salts extracted by lixivitation from wood ashes. _Lye_ or _Ley._ Any strong alkaline solution, especially one used for the purpose of washing such as soda lye, soap lye. _Mercerised Cotton._ Cotton prepared by treating with a solution of caustic potash or soda or certain other chemicals. Discovered by John Mercer in 1844. _Milling._ The operation of fulling cloth. _Myrobalans._ The fruit of several species of trees, growing in China and the East Indies, containing tannic acid (25-40% tannin).