Civilization, Medieval; Culture; Progress; Social history
And what of the social organism as it has developed under these
definite modes of action? In the first place there are certain explicit
inhibitions, as has already been indicated, the elimination of many
details of luxury and artificial desires which tend to turn much human
energy to futile ends, to raise the cost of living to abnormal heights,
to establish false levels between those that have and those that have
not, and that defeat every sane effort towards a simplification of life
and its maintenance in accordance with right standards of comparative
value. Desires have not been reduced in force, but they have been
vastly cut down in number and turned towards real values. Owing to
the ban on usury and the unearned increment, and the restoration of
production for use in place of production for profit, wide variations
in wealth no longer exist, although there are still differences due
to thrift, more intelligent or prolonged work, and above all to
superiority in the thing produced. Variations in social status still
exist; indeed they are fostered, as a matter of fact, but they are
no longer based either on money or on power. A Walled Town is at the
same time individualist, coöperative and aristocratic, so far more
closely resembling Mediæval society than any other that has existed,
and therefore sharply differentiated both from society as it had become
in the nineteenth century, and as it was aimed at by the socialists,
the anarchists and the democrats of the same period. As all society
is organized in guilds, and as in each there are the three classes of
apprentices, journeymen and masters, so while each class has its own
recognized status, there is an equally recognized difference between
them. An apprentice may not hold land, therefore he cannot be a burgess
of the free city, while a journeyman or master may not become a burgess
unless he does hold land, and only burgesses participate in the civic
duties and privileges of the town. There are certain offices which only
a master may hold, and there are others which are open only to those
masters who have become members of one of the Academies, or who belong
to the Order of Knighthood. The Provost, for example, may be chosen
only from amongst the knights. These highest ranks of dignity are
constituted as follows:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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