The fact is they come neither for scent nor sight; they come for good
taste--which they find in the honey glands of the peculiarly shaped
bloom, which are obvious and sticky and within reach of all. I do not
think it is half so much the odor of the flower which draws them, be
it never so sweet or so strong, but memory of the honey dew sipped
there yesterday or last week. No doubt the love of the milkweed bloom
is an inherited tendency, also, bred in the bones from a line of
milkweed-frequenting ancestors infinitely long.
Indeed, one of our most splendid butterflies is the _Anosia plexippus_,
otherwise known as the milkweed butterfly, rightly named also the
monarch. Every boy who knows the country in summer knows him by his
rich, red coloration, his strong, black-bordered wings with their black
veins. Every bird knows him too and lets him alone. On the first median
nervule of the hind wings of the butterfly is a scent bag whence he
dispenses an odor so disagreeable to the bird who would eat him that he
goes free, and is not afterward troubled.
[Illustration: Every boy who knows the country in summer knows him by
his rich, red coloration, his strong, black-bordered wings with their
black veins]
Along with the monarch sipping honey with eager industry from the
meadow milkweed, you will often see the viceroy, who, as a viceroy
should, closely imitates, but does not equal, the monarch. He
has neither the monarch’s vigor of flight nor his means of defence
from predatory birds, but his safety--so the students tell us--lies
in looking so much like his superior that he also is let alone. The
students go on to say that his is a good example of the imitative power
of insects whereby they escape destruction by seeming to the casual eye
to be something else.
The viceroy, which is a _Basilarchia disippus_, thus looks not the
least like other members of his family, but consciously mimics the
coloring of the monarch for safety. Thus many tropical beetles contrive
to look like wasps that they may not be molested, and some insects look
like brown leaves and others like green ones.
But do they contrive, imitate, mimic? It is no doubt true that because
of the resemblance they escape, but to say that they imitate or
contrive or mimic seems to me to be to assume a knowledge of the
workings of the inner consciousness of an insect that not even the
most careful student can have. I am more inclined to believe that the
so-called mimics are fortunate in an accidental resemblance and so
escape the destruction of their species which has fallen upon many a
less fortunate type.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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