Yoga as philosophy and religionDasgupta, Surendranath
Religion
Yoga as philosophy and religion
Dasgupta, Surendranath
Hindu philosophy; Patañjali; Yoga
Now though the modifications of the ego are formed successively by the
preponderance of sattva, rajas and tamas, yet the rajas is always the
accessory cause (_sahakāri_) of all these varied collocations of the
guṇas; it is the supreme principle of energy and supplies even
intelligence with the energy which it requires for its own conscious
activity. Thus Lokācāryya says in his _Tattvatraya_: “the tāmasa ego
developing into the material world and the sāttvika ego developing into
the eleven senses, both require the help of the rājasa ego for the
production of this development” (_anyābhyāṃ ahaṃkārābhyām
svakāryyopajanane rājasāhaṃkūraḥ sahakārī bhavati_); and Barabara in his
_Bhāshya_ writes: “just as a seed-sprout requires for its growth the
help of water as instrumental cause, so the rājasa ahaṃkāra (ego) works
as the accessory cause (_sahakāri_) for the transformations of sāttvika
and tāmasa ahaṃkāra into their evolutionary products.” The mode of
working of this instrumental cause is described as “rajas is the mover.”
The rājasa ego thus moves the sattva part to generate the senses; the
tamas part generating the gross and subtle matter is also moved by the
rajas, agent of movement. The rājasa ego is thus called the common cause
of the movement of the sāttvika and the tāmasa ego. Vācaspati also says:
“though rajas has no separate work by itself yet since sattva and tamas
(which though capable of undergoing modification, do not do their work)
are actionless in themselves, the agency of rajas lies in this that it
moves them both for the production of the effect.”[27] And according as
the modifications are sāttvika, tāmasa or rājasika, the ego which is the
cause of these different modifications is also called vaikārika, bhūtādi
and taijasa. The mahat also as the source of the vaikārika, taijasa and
bhūtādi ego may be said to have three aspects.
Now speaking of the relation of the sense faculties with the sense
organs, we see that the latter, which are made up of the grosser
elements are the vehicle of the former, for if the latter are injured in
any way, the former are also necessarily affected.[28]
To take for example the specific case of the faculty of hearing and its
organ, we see that the faculty of hearing is seated in the ether
(_ākāśa_) within our ear-hole. It is here that the power of hearing is
located. When soundness or defect is noticed therein, soundness or
defect is noticed in the power of hearing also. When the sounds of
solids, etc., are heard, then the power of hearing located in the hollow
of the ear stands in need of the resonance produced in the ākāśa of the
ear.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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