These advocates of a violent revolution are mild-spoken, indeed, as compared to many of the better-known apologists of Socialism. Bebel, for example, in “Unsere Ziele” (p. 44), speaks more emphatically. “We must not shudder at the thought of the possible employment of violence; we must not raise an alarm cry at the suppression of ‘existing rights’, at violent expropriation, etc. History teaches us that at all times new ideas were realized, as a rule, by a violent conflict with the defenders of the past, and that the combatants for new ideas struck blows as deadly as possible at the defenders of antiquity. Not without reason does Karl Marx in his work on ‘Capital’ exclaim: “‘Violence is the midwife that waits on every ancient society that is to give birth to a new one; violence is itself a social factor.’” Dietzgen, too, advocates nothing short of revolution, and sees no reason why violence should be condemned under such conditions. “Oh, ye short-sighted and narrow-minded who cannot give up the fad of the moderate organic progress!” he says. “Don’t you perceive that all our great liberal passions sink to the level of mere trifling, because the great question of social salvation is in the order of the day? Don’t you perceive that struggle and destruction must precede peace and construction, and that chaotic accumulation of material is the necessary condition of systematic organization, just as the calm precedes the tempest and the latter the general purification of the air?... History stands still because she gathers force for a great catastrophe.” Both the “Red Catechism” and Joynés’ “Socialist Catechism” teach the same doctrine. In the “Red Catechism,” one looks in vain for any hint of contemplated compensation or peaceful methods of expropriation. “How are the forms of government changed?” is asked. “By means of revolution,” is the answer. And in the “Socialist Catechism,” we find these words: “Q. What is the revolution for which the Socialists strive? A. A revolution which will render impossible the individual appropriation of the products of associated labor and consequent exploitation and enslavement of the laborers.... Q. _How are forms of government changed, so as to readjust them to the economical changes in the forms of production which have been silently evolving in the body of society?_ A. _By means of revolution._ Q. _Give an instance of this?_ A. _The French Revolution of 1789._” And even the Socialist hymn-books, the books from which the children in the Socialist schools sing, are filled with such sentiments as: “They’ll know full soon, the kind of vermin, Our bullets hit in that last fight.” Or, as another Socialist song has it: “Rise in your might, brothers, bear it no longer, Assemble in masses throughout the whole land; Teach the vile blood-suckers who are the stronger When workers and robbers confronted shall stand.”