=Study Questions.= _1._ Name some of the things that were done in American homes to win the war. _2._ Why did everyone wish to do his part? _3._ Why was the United States so late in entering the war? _4._ Make a list of the principal countries that took part in the World War. _5._ What was the importance of the invasion of Belgium? _6._ Give the story of the war at sea. _7._ What disputes occurred between the United States and the different warring countries before 1917? _8._ Tell briefly Wilson's life before he became President. _9._ How did Germany's treatment of the United States lead to war? _10._ How did the United States "mobilize" for war? _11._ What means were used to raise a national army? _12._ What was done to take care of these millions of men? _13._ What did the United States need most at the start? _14._ Why was this "a war of science"? _15._ What training had Pershing had for his new position? _16._ Tell some events of Pershing's boyhood. _17._ What was the great danger in 1918? _18._ Give a number of reasons why a supreme commander for the Allied armies was needed. _19._ What action of General Pershing's reminds you of the boy, John Pershing? Why? _20._ Tell about the battle of Château-Thierry; of St. Mihiel; of the Argonne. _21._ What events led up to Germany's surrender? _22._ Who in your opinion was the real hero of this war? _23._ What did the Peace Conference do? _24._ Do you think we should enter a world league of nations? =Suggested Readings.= Rand McNally's _School Atlas of Reconstruction_; Perry, _Our Navy in the War_, 170-175. WHERE THE AMERICAN PEOPLE AND THEIR CIVILIZATION CAME FROM INTRODUCTION [Sidenote: =First settlers from a built-up Europe=] =253. Why Boys and Girls Should Know about Europe.= In the part of the book just studied, you have become acquainted with men and women who have been great American leaders. Did you ever stop to think that the early settlers in this country, from whom most of our great men sprang, came from countries in Europe already built up? What the settlers gave to this country they got from people who had lived a long time ago. Therefore in many ways their habits and institutions were different from ours now. They had their own ways of living, their own schools, churches, and forms of government. [Sidenote: =The rulers=] In most European countries kings and queens ruled the people. Next to the king stood the lords, who were great men and owned acres and acres of land. They had their own soldiers and many servants to do their work and to wait on them. [Illustration: _From an early 14th century psalter_ SERFS OF THE MIDDLE AGES] [Sidenote: =The serfs=]