=The Leading Facts.= _1._ Julius Caesar takes the popular side. _2._ Governor of Gaul. _3._ Conquest of Gaul and the Germans. _4._ Caesar invades Britain. _5._ Crosses the Rubicon and becomes ruler of the Roman Empire. _6._ Why he was assassinated. _7._ What Rome gave to the world. _8._ Rome famous for its wonderful buildings and roads. _9._ Her great literature. _10._ How Rome prepared the way for Christianity. _11._ Coming of the Huns and Teutons marks the downfall of Rome. _12._ The removal of the Roman emperor and Odoacer made king. _13._ Anglo-Saxons in Britain. _14._ Rome takes Christianity to the Germans. _15._ Charles the Great. _16._ The Palace School. _17._ The crowning of Charlemagne. =Study Questions.= _1._ Who was Julius Caesar? _2._ What did he do to make people remember him? _3._ Why did good men join in murdering him? _4._ Name the different things given to the world by Rome? _5._ Explain how Rome helped Christianity. _6._ Who were the Huns and the Teutons? _7._ Tell about the following in Charlemagne's career: (1) The battle of Tours; (2) How Charlemagne looked and dressed; (3) His Palace School; (4) How he ruled the Franks; (5) How he was crowned; (6) Why his empire crumbled at his death. =Suggested Readings.= Tappan, _The Story of the Roman People_, 123-237; Harding, _The City of the Seven Hills_, 184-211; Yonge, _Young Folks' History of Rome_, 229; Clarke, _The Story of Caesar_; Guerber, _The Story of the Romans_. THE COMING OF THE NORTHMEN [Sidenote: =The vessels of the Northmen=] =300. The Vikings or Sea-Rovers.= The Northmen lived in the lands of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. They lived on the inlets of the ocean, or viks, and were called "vikings." Their boats were long, and each one had a high prow with the head of a dragon or other fierce-looking animal upon it. They drove their vessels by sail or oar. Often there were as many as fifty rowers in a boat, their bright shields hanging over the sides. When the sun shone on them they looked like great moving lights. The Northmen were great sea-rovers and pirates. [Sidenote: =Movements of the Northmen=] In the eighth and ninth centuries these Northmen or Norsemen began moving out in great bands. Some overran the northern part of France and settled on the river Seine. They were called "Normans," and this region is now Normandy. Others sailed to the west and founded Iceland and Greenland. And their "sagas" or records tell us that Leif Ericson and his men even sailed as far as the coast of North America, although the settlements they made then did not prove to be lasting. [Illustration: THE LANDING OF LEIF ERICSON IN AMERICA] [Sidenote: =The conquest of England=]