=Pennsylvania=, founded, 95-96; coal in, 421-422. =Pennsylvania, University of=, founded, 151. "=Pennsylvania Dutch=," 98. "=Pennsylvania Gazette=," 151. =Pericles=, 460-461. =Perry, Oliver Hazard=, 244-245; midshipman at fourteen, 244; in war against Barbary States, 244; ordered to Lake Erie, 244; battle of Lake Erie, 244-245; portrait of, 245; highly honored, 245. =Pershing, John J.=, sent to Mexico, 430; heads American forces, 436; portrait of, 436; early life, 436-437; lands in France, 437; divides his troops among the Allies, 438-439; defeats the Germans at Château-Thierry, 439; wins battle of St. Mihiel, 439-440. =Peru=, Pizarro in, 23. =Petersburg=, siege of, 336. "=Petition of Right=," 493. =Philadelphia=, 137; founded, 97; British at, 138; first Continental Congress at, 172; Second Continental Congress at, 177. =Philip=, _see_ King Philip. =Philip of Macedon=, 455. =Philippines=, Magellan visits, 30; United States pays Spain for, 357. =Phoenicians=, 449-450. =Phonograph=, 384, 387. =Pickett, General George E.=, 338. =Pierce, President=, 269. =Pilgrims, The=, 73-81; seek Holland, 73; land in America, 74-77; and the Indians, 76, 78-81, 84-85; settle at Plymouth, 77; build homes in the forest, 77; celebrate Thanksgiving, 80; industries, manners, and customs of, 85-86. ="Pinta," The=, 10, 11, 13, 14. =Pinzón=, 7; sails with Columbus, 10. =Pitt, Fort=, 126, 218. =Pitt, William=, 126, 154, 162, 233. =Pittsburgh=, iron and steel center of America, 423. =Pittsburg Landing=, 334-335, 380. =Pizarro, Francisco=, 23-24; marches army to Cuzco and finds vast wealth, 23; killed by his men, 24. =Planters=, industries, manners, and customs of the southern, 103-104. =Plato=, 454. =Plymouth=, landing place of the Pilgrims, 77; colony of, 83. =Plymouth Rock=, 77. =Pocahontas=, 66-68; rescues John Smith, 64; carries corn to settlers, 64; warns settlers of danger, 65; marries John Rolfe, 66; received as a princess in England, 67; portrait of, 68; death, 68. =Ponce de Leon=, 17-18; takes possession of Florida, 17; death, 18. "=Pony express=," 373. "=Poor Richard's Almanac=," 151, 152, 197. =Pope, General=, 338. =Portland=, 376. =Porto Rico=, annexed by United States, 357. =Port Royal=, founded, 49. =Potato, white=, taken to England, 45. =Powhatan=, famous Indian chief, 63, 64, 65, 67. =Prescott, Colonel=, 176. =Princeton=, 136. =Protestants=, 68, 69, 102. "=Puffing Billy=," 263. =Puritans=, 68, 70, 81-83, 85; in England, 81; seek America, 81; at Salem, 81; found Boston, 82, 83; found colony of Massachusetts, 92. =Put-In-Bay=, 244. =Quakers=, 92-100; called themselves Society of Friends, 99.