4. The Stoics were religious, The Epicureans were anti-religious, yet both schools accepted the popular gods. 5. The world is a moral order. The world is a mechanical order. 6. The universal determines The universal is the result of the the individual. functioning of the individual. 7. The world is the expression The world is the combination of of an immanent reason. atoms. CHAPTER X EPICUREANISM =The Life of Epicurus= (341–270 B. C.). Epicurus was born in Samos in Asia Minor. He was a school-teacher in Mitylene and Lampsacus, and in 307 B. C. he established in Athens his Philosophical School, in a garden within the walls on the road to the Academy (see map). His School was thereafter called the Gardens. He claimed to have been self-taught, and he probably did not have a thorough education. He did, however, possess great personal charm and, as his doctrine made few demands upon its disciples and expressed the refined and delicate hedonism of the time, it spread very wide. His disciples held him in great reverence, and long after his death the image of his personality was a living influence with them. Indeed, it was the personal work of Epicurus that was the supreme influence with the sect. His formulas passed on from generation to generation and were called “Golden Maxims.”[34] He wrote three hundred separate treatises, and in the amount of his writings was exceeded in antiquity only by the Stoic, Chrysippus. His great work, _On Nature_, consisted of thirty-seven books. The other Schools joined in a bitter attack upon him, and in modern times he has been called _Socrate doublé d’un Voltaire_. Since neither polytheism nor Christianity had any reason for preserving his writings, they have been almost entirely lost. Some have been found in Herculaneum, and many more are thought to be still in that buried city. The mother of Epicurus was a priestess, and her superstitions probably set him against the superstitions of his age. His later acquaintance with the philosophy of Democritus gave him a scientific basis for his aggression against all religions.