A Beginner's History of Philosophy, Vol. 1: Ancient and Mediæval PhilosophyCushman, Herbert Ernest
Philosophy
A Beginner's History of Philosophy, Vol. 1: Ancient and Mediæval Philosophy
Cushman, Herbert Ernest
Philosophy -- History
During their Introductory Periods the two movements tried to draw
together under the influence of the philosophical eclecticism which
colors this time. In their Development Periods the two movements
draw apart, become closed and mutually repellent. The historical
developments of the two movements from beginning to end are very
different. The tide of Hellenism floods with Plotinus, its greatest
representative, and after him there is a gradual ebb. On the other hand,
Christianity shows a continuous growth, both internally and externally,
and the mighty Origen only points to the mightier Augustine. Both
movements finally merge in Augustine.
I. Hellenic Religious II. Christianity.
Philosophy.
1. Introductory Period Introductory Period
(100 B. C.–250 A. D.). (31 A. D.–200 A. D.).
(1) Greek-Jewish philosophy (1) Period of simple faith (until
of Alexandria. the 2d century A. D.).
Philo (25 B. C.–50
A. D.).
(2) Neo-Pythagoreanism (2) Period of Earlier Formulation
(100 B. C.–150 A. D.). of Doctrine.
Apologists (2d century).
Gnostics (2d century).
Old Catholic Theologians
(2d and 3d centuries).
2. Development Period Development Period (200–476).
(250–476).
Neo-Platonism. (1) Period of Actual Formulation
Plotinus (204–269). of Doctrine.
Jamblichus (d. 330 about). The School of Catechists.
Proclus (410–485). Origen (185–254).
(2) The Œcumenical Councils and
the establishment of dogma.
=The Hellenic Religious Philosophies.= Alexandria and not Athens was
now the intellectual centre of Hellenism. The position and history
of the city, as well as the character of its population, were most
favorable for the mingling of religions and philosophies. In the
“university” of this great commercial metropolis the treasures of Greek
culture were concentrated and scholastic work was vigorously pursued.
Here all philosophies met, and all religions and cults were tolerated.
Exhausted Greek philosophy here came in contact with those fresh
Oriental ideas which previously, at a distance, had excited the
imagination of the Greeks as something mysterious. The result was a new
phase of philosophy,――theosophy, comparative religion, or eclecticism
of philosophy and religion.
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