Schools, the 214, 218–226; fusion of doctrines in, 269; after 150 B. C., notable names in, 271. _See_ Academy, Lyceum, etc. Science early tendencies toward, among the Greeks, 10, 11; growth of, in Hellenic-Roman period, 216, 217; secular, of the age of Augustine, 339; and religion, the separation of, under Duns Scotus, 387, 388. Scotus, Duns gave a new direction to philosophy, 369; upheld the primacy of the Will, 385, 386; the founder of the Franciscan tradition (life and philosophical position of), 386, 387; his conception of the twofold truth, 387; the inscrutable will of God, according to, 388, 389; the problem of individuality, according to, 389, 390; the course of philosophy after, 390, 391. Secondary and primary qualities 116. Secular science of the age of Augustine 339. Seignobos, Charles _History of Mediæval Civilization_, 373 n. Seneca quoted, 234. Sensationalism defined, 104 n. Sensationalistic skepticism 268, 269. Sextus Empiricus 268. Sill _The Two Aphrodites_, 153 n. Simplicius 299. Skepticism what it is, 69; the undercurrent of, in the Hellenic-Roman period, 209–211; philosophic, the appearances of, 264, 265; the three phases of, 265–269; of the Academy, 266–268; sensationalistic, 268, 269. Socrates, and Aristophanes opposed the Sophists, 74; works on, for reading, 75; personality and life of, 75–80; his dæmon, 77, 83; and the Sophists, 80–82; unsystematic character of his philosophy, 82, 83; the ideal of, 83–85; what his ideal involves, 85–88; the two steps of his method, 88–91; and Athens, 91; the logical expedients of, 92, 93; and the Lesser Socratics, 93–95. Socratics the Lesser, and Socrates, 93–95. Sophists significance of, 64–67; the prominent, 67, 68; the philosophy of, 68–71; the ethics of, 71–73; summary of their work, 73; met in two ways by Socrates and Aristophanes, 74; and Socrates, 80–82. Soul Plato’s doctrine of, 145–150; according to Aristotle, 196, 197; of Plotinus, 295, 297, 298. Spenser, Edmund _Hymn in Honor of Beauty_, 153 n. Spiritual authority the need of, 275–277; the turning to the present for, 287, 288. Spirituality rise of the conception of, 277–279. State Plato’s doctrine of, 155–158; and church, Aquinas’s and Dante’s views of, 382. Stoic school, the 222–225; inclines to eclecticism, 269, 270.