Xenophanes religious philosopher, 26 f.; philosophy of, 27 f. Xenophon parts of works to be read, 75 n.; on Socrates, 76, 93. Zeller, Edward _Pre-Socratic Philosophy_, 3 n., 100 n.; quoted, 101, 102; _Greek Philosophy_, 37 n. Zeno Eleatic, his life, 35 f.; his philosophy, 36, 37. _See_ Eleatic school. Zeno Stoic, 242, 244, 245. Footnotes. 1 – Read Knight, _Life and Teaching of Hume_, pp. 102 f. (Blackwood Series); Falckenberg, _Hist. Modern Phil._, p. 10; Zeller, _Pre-Socratic Phil._, vol. i, pp. 161 f. 2 – Read Fairbanks, _First Philosophers of Greece_, pp. 263 ff., especially the résumé. 3 – Ueberweg, _Hist. of Phil._, vol. i, p. 7. 4 – Monism is the belief that reality is a oneness without any necessary implication as to the character of that oneness. Monotheism is a kind of monism, in which some definite character is ascribed to the oneness, like the active principle in the world or the cause of the world. Pantheism, on the other hand, is a kind of monism in which the emphasis is upon the all-inclusive character of reality. In pantheism God and nature are two inseparable aspects of reality. 5 – Bury, _Hist. of Greece_, p. 321, calls the tradition of the Wise Men a legend. 6 – Bury, _History of Greece_, p. 311. 7 – Burnet, _Early Greek Philosophers_, p. 104, for injunctions upon the private life of the early Pythagoreans. 8 – Note further that in future philosophical discussions of this problem, the technical word “Being” is used for the Unchanging or the substance that remains forever like itself, and the technical word “Becoming” is used for the changing processes of Nature. 9 – “Just as our soul, being air, holds us together, so do breath and air encompass the whole world.” 10 – Read Windelband, _Hist. of Ancient Phil._, pp. 67 ff.; Zeller, _Greek Philosophy_, pp. 63 ff. 11 – Read Matthew Arnold, _Empedocles_ (a poem). 12 – Read Plato, _Phaedo_, 97, B. 13 – Dualism: the belief that the world is to be explained by two independent and coexistent principles. 14 – Wheeler, _History of Alexander the Great_. 15 – Read Grote, _History of Greece_, vol. viii, pp. 334–347. 16 – Read H. Jackson in _Encyclopædia Britannica_, article “Sophists”. 17 – The student should read the following references in Plato’s dialogues and Xenophon’s _Symposium_ and _Memorabilia_. The translations referred to here are Jowett’s Plato and Cooper, Spelman, etc., translation, _Whole Works of Xenophon_. (1851.) For the method of Socrates, read _Charmides_, _Lysis_, and _Laches_.