3. _The Geometrical Method and its Opponents_: Hansch, Ploucquet, Crousaz, Rüdiger (1671–1731), Crusius (1712–1775), Budde, Brucker, Tiedemann, Lossius, Platner. 4. _The Psychologists and Related Philosophers_: Kruger, Hentsch, Weiss, Irwing, Moritz (1757–1793), Basedow (1723–1790), Pestalozzi, and Sulzer. 5. _The Independent Philosophers_: Lambert (1728–1777), Tetens (1736–1805). 6. _The Deists_: Schmidt, Semler (1725–1791), Reimarus (1699–1768), Edelmann. 7. _The Pietists_: Spener (1635–1705), Francke (1663–1727), Arnold, Dippel. 8. _The Popular Philosophers_: Mendelssohn (1729–1786), Nicolai (1733–1811), Basedow, Abbt, Engel, Feder, Meiners, Garve. 9. _The Writer on Philosophical Religion_: Lessing (1729–1781). 10. _The Writer on Faith Philosophy_: Herder (1744–1803). The philosophers of greatest importance in this period are given below. To help the reader keep in mind contemporary philosophical influences other names are given with them in a parallel table. Bacon 1561 │ Hobbes │ 1588 │ │ Descartes │ │ 1596 1626 │ │ │ │ Spinoza Locke │ ┼ 1632 1632 │ │ │ Newton │ │ │ │ 1642 ┼ │ │ │ │ Leibnitz │ │ 1650 │ │ 1646 │ │ 1677 │ │ │ 1679 ┼ │ │ Wolff │ │ │ 1679 Berkeley │ │ │ │ Voltaire 1685 │ │ │ │ 1694 │ │ │ 1704 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Hume │ │ │ │ │ 1711 Rousseau │ 1716 │ │ │ │ 1712 │ │ │ │ │ │ Lessing 1727 │ │ │ │ │ 1729 │ │ 1753 │ │ │ 1754 │ │ │ │ │ 1776 │ │ 1778 1778 │ 1781 Illustration: MAP SHOWING THE BIRTHPLACES OF SOME OF THE INFLUENTIAL THINKERS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT (1690–1781) (Note that the names of the philosophers are given in brackets beneath the names of the towns and cities) CHAPTER VII JOHN LOCKE