The Wolffian Rationalism became a factor in the German Enlightenment on the one hand by combining with Pietism, and on the other through its translation into the new German literature. In itself the Wolffian Rationalism was a dogmatism that merely supplanted the dogmatic scholasticism of Melanchthon and Luther. It lost its absolutism in its combination with Pietism, and became a personal and individualistic religion. It also lost its absolutism and became more like the philosophy of Leibnitz through its translation into the literary writings of Lessing and Herder; and thus was subordinated to an incident in individual culture. =Summary of the Literary Enlightenment of Germany= (1740–1781). The German Enlightenment was thus made possible by the political growth of Prussia, by the development of a meagre literature, by the rise of Pietism, and by the Wolffian interpretation of Leibnitz’s philosophy. All these were important features of the century following the Thirty Years’ War. The year 1740 is the beginning of the German Enlightenment. It marks the crowning of Frederick the Great, the decline of the influence of Gottsched in literature, and Wolff’s return to Halle. The arrival of Voltaire in Berlin (1750) is an important factor in the rise of the German Enlightenment. The spirit of the Enlightenment was at its height twenty years later (1760), contemporaneous with the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763) and with the publication by Lessing in 1759 of his _Letters concerning the most Modern Literature_. In these _Letters_ Lessing gave the death-blow to Gottschedism, and established the Enlightenment on a firm basis. This was followed by the Storm and Stress movement (1773–1787), which brought the Enlightenment proper to an end. 1730–1750 Period of Experimentation――Gottsched, the Swiss, the Anacreonticists, etc. 1740 The Enlightenment inaugurated――the crowning of Frederick the Great, the decline of Gottschedism, the return of Wolff to Halle. 1750 The coming of Voltaire to Berlin. 1751–1780 Lessing and the Enlightenment. 1773–1787 Storm and Stress Period.――The Enlightenment proper at an end.[52] 1787–1805 Classicism. (Schiller d. 1805). 1795–1850 (approximately) The Romantic Movement. 1850– The Realistic Movement.