Panaetius, Stoic philosopher, b. Rhodes, a pupil of Diogenes the Stoic, and perhaps of Carneades. About 150 B.C. he visited Rome and taught a moderate stoicism, denying the doctrine of the conflagration of the world, and placing physics before dialectics. He wrote a work On Duties, to which Cicero expresses his indebtedness in his De Officiis. Died in Athens 111 B.C. Pancoucke (Charles Joseph), eminent French publisher, b. Lille, 26 Nov. 1736. He settled at Paris and became acquainted with d'Alembert, Garat, etc., and was a correspondent of Rousseau, Buffon and Voltaire, whose works he brought out. He translated Lucretius, 1768, brought out the Mercure de France, projected in 1781 the important Encyclopédie Méthodique, of which there are 166 vols., and founded the Moniteur, 1789. Died at Paris, 19 Dec. 1798. Pantano (Eduardo), Italian author of a little book on the Sicilian Vespers and the Commune, Catania, 1882. Papillon (J. Henri Fernand), French philosophic writer, b. Belfort, 5 June, 1847. He wrote an Introduction to Chemical Philosophy, '65; contributed to the Revue de Philosophie Positive and the Revue des Deux Mondes. His principal work is entitled Nature and Life, '73. Died at Paris 31 Dec. 1873. Paquet (Henri Remi René), French writer, b. Charleville, 29 Sep. 1845. After studying under the Jesuits he went to Paris, where he became an advocate, but devoted his main attention to literature. Under the anagram of "Nérée Quépat" he has published La Lorgnette Philosophique, '72, a dictionary of the great and little philosophers of our time, a study of La Mettrie entitled Materialist Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century and other works. Pare (William), Owenite Social reformer, b. Birmingham, 11 Aug. 1805. Wrote an abridgment of Thompson's Distribution of Wealth, also works on Capital and Labor '54, Co-operative Agriculture, at Rahaline, '70, etc. He compiled vol. 1 of the Biography of Robert Owen. Died at Croydon, 18 June, 1873. Parfait (Noel), French writer and politician, b. Chartres, 30 Nov. 1814. Took part in the revolution of '30, and wrote many radical brochures. After the coup d'état he took refuge in Belgium. In '71 was elected deputy and sat on the extreme left. Parfait (Paul), son of the foregoing, b. Paris, 1841. Author of L'Arsenal de la Dévotion, '76, Notes to serve for a history of superstition, and a supplement Le Dossier des Pélerinages, '77, and other pieces. Died 1881. Parisot (Jean Patrocle), a Frenchman who wrote La Foy devoilée par la raison, 1681 [Faith Unveiled by Reason], a work whose title seems to have occasioned its suppression.