ARC DE TRIOMPHE, Chinese, 315; Roman, 176-7, 183. ARCHÆOLOGY, PREHISTORIC, why it is tiresome to most people, 119-20. ARCHERY, EARLY ENGLISH, the Conscription of, how its legal statutes were imperilled by trade “rings,” 49; some Elizabethans wanted to see a revival of the archery statutes, 333. ARCHES made by Nature, the Pont d’Arc at Ardèche, 6, 88, 150; the Rock Bridge in Virginia, 6; the Durdle Door at Lulworth, 151; La Roche Percée at Biarritz, 151; La Roche Trouée, near Saint-Gilles Croix-de-Vie, 151; at Icononzo, in New Grenada, 151; Lydstep Arch on the coast of Pembroke, 150 _footnote_; on the formation of natural arches, 151-2; how these arches were copied by mankind, 6, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157; their significance, 152-4. ARCHES made by Man, those copied or adapted from Nature’s models, 6, 153-7; their significance, 152-4; the symbolism of arches, 154; arches in art are more suggestive than circles, 154-5; in some arches the vaults are built with parallel bands of stone, Roman examples, 82, 83, 174; mediæval example, 81, 82, 83; arches made with criss-cross piers of timber, Gaulish, 70, 71; in Kashmír, 71, 72, 73; in North Russia, 73; cycloid arches, in Ammanati’s bridge, 222, 316-17; elliptical arches, St. Bénézet’s, 81; in Chosroes’ great hall at Selucia-Ctesiphon, 275 _footnote_; extra-dossed arches, Roman and mediæval, 282-3; pointed arches, early Egyptian, 155-6; Babylonian, 275 _footnote_; early European, 86-93; semicircular arches, Babylonian, 275 _footnote_; in Asia Minor, 160; in Acarnania, 160; among the Etruscans, 160; in Ancient Rome, 161-4; transverse arches cut through the piers of bridges, 213, 214, 270. ARCHITECTS, great need of their influence in to-day’s bridge-building, 357; and also in the work of British highway boards, 43. ARCHITECTURE, ARABIAN, see “Arabian Arches.” ARCHITECTURE OF BIRDS, 112; the use of mud in the building of walls probably copied from birds, 111. ARCHITECTURE, GREEK, 152, 157-9; lovers of Greek architecture are overapt to undervalue the Roman genius, 167-8. ARCHITECTURE, ROMAN, see Chapter III.