CANADA, devoted to very vulnerable bridges, 354. CANAL BRIDGE in Venice, 329. CANALS, their construction has been a phase of war claiming a great many lives, 17, and _footnote_. CANE VINES used in Africa in the making of bush-rope, 123. CÁNGAS DE ONIS, the gabled bridge at, 27. CANINA, his attempt to reconstruct the Pons Sublicius differs from Colonel Emy’s, 140. CANNON, the slow improvement in their manufacture, 333. CANNON STREET RAILWAY BRIDGE, the colour plate facing p. 48. CANOES, they often take the place of bridges in Africa, 123. CANTERBURY, THE ARCHBISHOP OF, in 1318, owned the land adjoining Old Shoreham Bridge, 41; His name was Walter Reynolds. CAPAC YUPANQUI, the fifth Ynca, and his bridge of rushes, 146-7. CAPPUCINA, PONTE DI PORTA, a Roman bridge at Ascoli-Piceno, 201. CARACALLA, 129. CARCASSONNE, OLD BRIDGE AT, dating from the 12th century, 92; see also the plate facing page 104. CARMAGNOLA destroyed the great old bridge spanning the Adda at Trezzo, 309. CARTARO, PONTE, a mediæval bridge at Ascoli-Piceno, 201. CASTRO GONZALO, THE OLD BRIDGE OF, blown up by Moore’s rearguard, 334-5. CATHERINE, ST., the chapel on the Pont des Consuls at Montauban was dedicated to her, 256. CATTERICK BRIDGE had a chapel, 231; the Contract Deed for the building of this bridge, 253. CAVE-DWELLINGS, the earliest were stolen from cave-lions and cave-bears, 111. CAVES, with arched entrances, 150 _footnote_. CELLS, COMMUNITIES OF, in the human body; the beautiful harmony of their competitive life, how it differs from the social rule in the civilizations bungled by mankind, 18, 19, 25. CENTRES OR CENTRING, the curved scaffolding upon which arches are built. The voussoirs rest on the centres while the ring is in process of being constructed. When the centres are not rigid enough, arches sink a good deal while the masons are at work and after the scaffolding is carefully struck. In Perronet’s bridge at Neuilly-sur-Seine, for example, the sinking amounted to twenty-three inches, 338; thirteen inches while the centre was in its place, and ten inches after the centre was removed. On the other hand, when the centres of Waterloo Bridge were taken down, no arch sank more than 1½ inches. There is reason to believe that modern centres are more complicated than were the mediæval. See page 264 and page 286. CERCEAU, DU, ANDROUET, French architect and builder of the fortified bridge at Châtellerault, 331-4; see also the colour plate facing page 332. CESTIUS, PONS, at Rome, 196-7. CHÂLON-SUR-SAÔNE, the quaint citizenship of its mediæval bridge, 224. CHAMAS, SAINT, in France, and its famous Roman bridge, 176-7. CHAMBERS OR ROOMS built in bridges, Paris examples, 225; a Persian example, 267-8.