CROMLECHS, 100; the clapper bridges over Dartmoor rivers are flat cromlechs built over water, 104; see also “Iberians.” CROSSES AND CRUCIFIXES ON BRIDGES, 96, 230, 246-7. CROSSING, WILLIAM, his remarks on Dartmoor bridges, 102-3. CROWLAND BRIDGE, 302-5. CRUSADES, their presumed effect on bridge-building, 88 _et seq._ CURZON, LORD, his excellent remarks on Persian bridges, 214, 268-70. CUSTOM sends reason to sleep, 16, 39, 40; see also section iii, Chapter I, 53-84. CUTWATERS, 262, 316. The French words for cutwaters, _avant-bec_ and _arrière-bec_, would be very useful to us if we translated them as “forebeak” and “aftbeak.” British pontists need a good many technical terms. CYCLOID ARCHES, in Ammanati’s great bridge over the Arno, 316. CYCLOPEAN STYLE, so called, in the Porta dell’ Arco at Arpino, 157. DALQUIÉ, his translation of Kircher’s book on China, 314, 345 _footnote_. DAM, ARCADED, Old London Bridge was an, 220. DANBY, JOHN, in 1444, left six and eightpence to Warleby Bridge, 10. DARBY, ABRAHAM, in 1779, bridged the Severn with an arch of cast-iron, the earliest in Europe, 348-9. DARTEIN, F. DE, French architect and engineer, his books on bridges, 319, 320. DARTMOOR, and its Clapper Bridges, 60, 100-4. DARWIN, references to his teaching, 32, 69, 70, 106, 109, 111-12, 118. DATES IN HISTORY, the Bronze Age, 21; Iron Age, 21; Palæolithic Art, 62; the inestimable value of dates to students, 119; approximate date of the Pliocene tools unearthed on the East Anglian coast, 120; approximate date for the Neolithic Period, 136; age of the Pont du Gard, 174; of the bridge at Saint-Chamas, 177; dates of some Lancashire bridges, 250 _footnote_. DEATH, NATURE’S ATTITUDE TO, 3, 4, 36, 37. DECORATION OF BRIDGES, 193-4, 195-6, 201, 215, 227, 286, 304, 305, 311, 312, 316, 318-28. DEE BRIDGE, Chester, the Jolly Miller’s Bridge, 258 _footnote_, 305 _footnote_. DEFENCE, NATIONAL, in its relation to Bridges, vii, 14-16, 331-61; see also “War-Bridges.” DEFENCELESS BRIDGES, their Evolution, 331-61; their frequent make-believe of defence shown in trumpery imitations of mediæval towers and machicolations, 275, 323, 349. DEGRAND, E., his book “Ponts en Maçonnerie,” 88; on the bridge at Espalion, 88-9; on Albi Bridge, 89, 90, 91; refers to primitive arches in Mexico, 157 _footnote_; on the Treasury of Atreus at Mycenae, 159 _footnote_; other references to his views, 199 _footnote_, 212 _footnote_; and on Chinese bridges, 314-15. DERBY, a chapelled bridge is extant there, 258. DERWENT PACKHORSE BRIDGE, Derbyshire, on its parapet, a few years ago, the stump of a mediæval cross remained, 230-1. DESCENT OF MAN, in its relation to nature-made bridges, 3, 4, and Chapter II.