RONDELET’S “Essai Historique sur le Pont de Rialto,” 212. ROOFED BRIDGES, the Pons Ælius is said to have had a bronze cover upheld by forty-two pillars, 195; Chinese examples, at Ching-tu-fu, 211 _footnote_, in Western China, 291; Grubenmann’s timber bridge at Schaffhausen, 141; Italian, at Pavia, 308, at Venice, 211; Sumatra, 291; Swiss, 291-2; steel-clad roofs to protect bridges from airships and aeroplanes, 358, 359. ROPE, its first model was the twisted stem of a vine-like creeping plant, 145; bamboo ropes, 145, 348, and _footnote_; ropes of Peruvian grass, 146-7. ROSS-ON-WYE, Wilton Bridge, an Elizabethan structure with ribbed arches and angular recesses for pedestrians, 94, 182, and _footnote_. Recently, I regret to say, this beautiful old bridge has been attacked by the highwaymen called road officials; and now she is horribly scarred all over with “pointing,” just like the mishandled Roman bridge at Alcántara. A new bridge of ferro-concrete, suitable for motor lorries and the like, would have cost the county less than this uneducated trifling with a genuine masterpiece. ROSTRO-CARINATE, flint tools shaped like an eagle’s beak, 120. ROTHERHAM BRIDGE AND HER CHAPEL, 93, 209, 219, 232-3. ROTHENBURG on the Tauber, her two-storeyed bridge, 271. ROTTO, PONTE, at Rome, 23, 192, 193. ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES, French philosopher and writer, born in Geneva, 1712, _d._ 1778; his visit to the Pont du Gard, 168. RULES OF WAR in the Middle Ages, curious French examples, 237, 241-2. RUNCORN BRIDGE, dating from 1868, 275. SAINT ANGELO’S BRIDGE at Rome, 194-5, 324. SAINT BÉNÉZET’S BRIDGE at Avignon, frontispiece, 81, 82, 83, 217, 236-8, 262, 280 _footnote_. SAINT-CHAMAS and the Pont Flavien, 176-7. SAINT-CLOUD, PONT, 296. SAINT-ESPRIT, PONT, 92, 293-8. ST. IVES in Huntingdonshire, her chapelled bridge, 232. ST. MARTIN’S BRIDGE at Toledo, 285, 287-8. ST. MICHEL, PONT, Paris, 225. ST. NEOT’S BRIDGE, 305 _footnote_. SAINT-NICOLAS, PONT, on the road to Nîmes, 295. SAINT-THIBÉRY, a Roman bridge near, 178. SAINTES, BRIDGE AT, in France, and its tremendous fortifications, 300-1. SALAMANCA, Roman bridge at, 182, 285 _footnote_. SALARO, PONTE, 191. SALFORD BRIDGE, its date, 250 _footnote_. “SANS-PAREIL, LE,” Beffara’s bridge near Ardres, 305-6. SARGISSON, C. S., pontist, vi, 61 _footnote_, 163. SAVOY, hills of, survival there of Gaulish timber bridges, 70-1. SCALE in the Proportion of Bridges, 256; defective in many English bridges, 256-7. SCATCHERD, N., his writing on Wakefield Bridge Chapel, 228 _footnote_, 230. SCHAFFHAUSEN, Ulric Grubenmann’s bridge at, 141-2. SCHLOSS BRÜCKE at Berlin, a feeble copy of the Ponte Sant’ Angelo in Rome, 324. SCIENTIFIC BRIDGES, Modern, 337-42, 349-53. SCOTCH BRIDGES, 44.