In the Treasury of Atreus there are two points that interest architects
more than any others. The first is the contrast between admirable
decoration and hugely primitive stonework; and the other is the fact
that the annulary courses forming the domed and circular chamber have
this particular character, that the lateral joints of the stones
hardly tend at all towards the centre. Moreover, again and again
the stones are separated by a space, and this interval is filled up
with small rubble which seems to have been pressed together with the
greatest care. These irregular courses, whose inside diameter grows
less and less as the circular wall grows higher and higher, forms at
last a sort of pointed dome over the great tomb. M. Degrand says very
well: “A vault of these proportions must count as a memorable work.
Its construction here and there makes use of colossal stones, and it
subsists almost intact after more than thirty centuries of existence.
At a pinch its architect and workmen could have erected some masonry
bridges in accord with the same technical method.”
In wide arches of this sort the resistance of good mortars would have
been called upon to play the leading part; but in arches of narrow span
the stones could have been used dry, and such arches may well have
displaced many a primitive footway of logs that rested on stone piers.
The Egyptians built some real arches, not with long stones carefully
shaped into segments of a circle, such as we find in some Chinese
bridges (pp. 313-14), but with hewn blocks whose joints converged
toward a common centre. In Ethiopia, for example, in one of the
pyramids of Meroe, there is a semicircular arch composed of voussoirs;
and two pyramids at Gebel Barkel have arched porticoes with voussoirs
that tend to one point. Their shapes differ, one arch being pointed and
the other round-headed.[62] The pyramids of Gebel Barkel are puny in
style, and belong to a very late date in old Egyptian history.
As we have seen, a triangular arch may be studied above the Lion Gate
at Mycenae. Triangular arches are uncommon, but Brangwyn has chosen a
good example of a much later date from Kashmír. The builders found it
easier to set up a triangular scaffold than a rounded one.
[Illustration: IN KASHMÍR: A PRIMITIVE BRIDGE WITH TRIANGULAR ARCHES]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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