_addresses to his place_: i.e. to his office. Falkland was Secretary of State to Charles I. 40 _Phalaris_: a Sicilian tyrant of the sixth century B.C., famous for his cruelties. The Greek poet Stesichorus was a contemporary of his. 42 Samuel Pepys, from whose diary this extract (slightly abridged) is taken, wrote solely for his own private amusement, troubling himself very little about style or grammar. He held a post in the Navy Office, and his work did not often allow him to take a day in the country, such as he here describes. 46 Defoe's _Captain Singleton_ is an imaginary account of the adventures of certain pirates in different parts of the world. In the extract here given they are lying in Chinese waters. 'William,' one of their crew, has gone ashore to trade with some Chinese merchants. 47 _thieves' pennyworths_: 'things sold at a robber's price,' i.e. below their real value. 55 _composures_=compositions. 56 _the Great Mogul_: the Emperor of Hindostan. _Muscovy_=Russia, of which Moscow was formerly the capital. 57 _the old philosopher_: Socrates; see Hooker's reference to the anecdote on page 17 of this book. _degree_: i.e. of latitude and longitude. 62 _whereas the ladies now walk, etc_.; this was written in 1711, when ladies wore very large 'hoops,' or crinolines. 65 Tom Jones, the hero of Fielding's novel of that name, takes some friends to see Hamlet, acted by Garrick. Partridge, is a timorous ex-schoolmaster, without experience of the theatre. 77 _redans_: projecting fortifications. _the talus of the glacis_: the pitch of the outer slope of an earthwork. _banquettes_: the raised way running along the inside of a rampart. 78 _chamade_: a signal given by drum, announcing surrender. 79 _a new reign_: George II died on October 25, 1760. 80 _a rag of quality_: Horace Walpole was a younger son of Sir Robert Walpole (Earl of Orford). 81 _the Duke of Cumberland_: second son of George II. _a dark brown adonis_: a kind of wig. _the Duke of Newcastle_: the Prime Minister. 83 Goldsmith's _Citizen of the World_ consists of a series of letters on European manners and customs, purporting to be written by a Chinaman who has never before visited England. 86 _whatever accidentally becomes indisposed, etc_.; i.e. whoever falls out with the authorities. 87 _There never was a period, etc_.: this was written in 1777, during the American War of Independence. 90 'Puss' was Cowper's tame hare. 92 The initials at the foot of the letter are those of William Cowper and Mary Unwin, a friend of the poet's. 99 _David Garrick_: the celebrated actor (1717-1779).