My men were engaged for about a week before we reached the face of the
chalk cliff. We found the work not so easy as I had anticipated. Masses
of rock had become detached from above and had fallen, so that we had
either to quarry through them or to circumvent them. The soil was of
that curious coffee colour so inseparable from the chalk formation. We
found many things brought down from above, a coin commemorative of the
storming of the Bastille, and some small pieces of the later Roman
emperors. But all of these were, of course, not in the solid ground
below, but near the surface.
When we had reached the face of the cliff, instead of sinking a shaft I
determined on carrying a gallery down an incline, keeping the rock as a
wall on my right, till I reached the bottom of all.
The advantage of making an incline was that there was no hauling up of
the earth by a bucket let down over a pulley, and it was easier for
myself to descend.
I had not made my tunnel wide enough, and it was tortuous. When I began
to sink, I set two of the men to smash up the masses of fallen chalk
rock, so as to widen the tunnel, so that I might use barrows. I gave
strict orders that all the material brought up was to be picked over by
two of the most intelligent of the men, outside in the blaze of the sun.
I was not desirous of sinking too expeditiously; I wished to proceed
slowly, cautiously, observing every stage as we went deeper.
We got below the layer in which were the relics of the Bronze Age and of
the men of polished stone, and then we passed through many feet of earth
that rendered nothing, and finally came on the traces of the reindeer
period.
To understand how that there should be a considerable depth of the
débris of the men of the rude stone implements, it must be explained
that these men made their hearths on the bare ground, and feasted around
their fires, throwing about them the bones they had picked, and the
ashes, and broken and disused implements, till the ground was
inconveniently encumbered. Then they swept all the refuse together over
their old hearth, and established another on top. So the process went on
from generation to generation.
For the scientific results of my exploration I must refer the reader to
the journals and memoirs of learned societies. I will not trouble him
with them here.
On the ninth day after we had come to the face of the cliff, and when we
had reached a considerable depth, we uncovered some human bones. I
immediately adopted special precautions, so that these should not be
disturbed. With the utmost care the soil was removed from over them, and
it took us half a day to completely clear a perfect skeleton. It was
that of a full-grown man, lying on his back, with the skull supported
against the wall of chalk rock. He did not seem to have been buried. Had
he been so, he would doubtless have been laid on his side in a
contracted posture, with the chin resting on the knees.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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