In 1884, a special fund for the purchase of forest land by the State was instituted by turning all moneys received from eventual sales of forest land into that fund. Another fund for forest improvement is accumulated by placing four-fifths of all penalties collected for forest trespasses into a separate account for that purpose. These funds have not accumulated very fast, the forest improvement fund, in 1896, being only about $120,000. Similar to the Landes in France, there exist in various parts of Hungary extensive sand wastes and shifting sands, partly caused by deforestation. Ever since 1788, legislation has attempted to secure a rehabilitation of these waste areas, which cover in all some 600 square miles. In 1817, a first systematic beginning was made in the Banat, on the “Alföld” of the Magyars, under the forest director _Bachofen_, similar to _Brémontier’s_ undertaking in France. By 1842, the total plantations amounted to about 12,000 acres, and by 1869, some 20,000 acres had been reforested, and parts of the plantations had begun to yield profits. But even to-day, there are still large areas in a desert condition. A classic volume in German by _Joseph Wessely_, Hungarian forest director, _Der europäische Flugsand und seine Kultur_, describes in detail the principles and methods of reclamation of shifting sands. Most of the Hungarian forestry literature being written in the Magyar language, is inaccessible to the rest of the world. Efforts by private endeavor to promote forestry education date back as early as 1796, when Forest Inspector _Vizner_ opened an elementary forest school and wrote a forestry catechism. This effort was followed, in 1806, by introducing the subject in the agricultural school at Keszthely, and, in 1808, in the school of mines in Schemnitz (Selmecz banya), a German forester _Wilkins_ filling the chair, while a special forest school was established at Hermannstadt in 1817. The forestry courses at Schemnitz were enlarged and the school re-organized in 1846 and again in 1872; one of the changes being the use of the Hungarian language in its instruction, which had originally been in German. In 1904, the course, which was 3 years and only optionally 4 (one year for engineering education), was made 4 years for all, and is obligatory for all higher grade State officials. In Croatia-Slavonia, which is in many respects separately administered, an agricultural and forestry school exists at Kreutz (Körös) with a three-year course. For the lower service four schools of two-year courses have been established by the government, the instruction being given by practitioners, and some of the students receiving free tuition. A forest experiment station was established in 1898; it issues a quarterly magazine, _Irdeszeti Kiserletek_, in which its results are recorded.