There should not be forgotten as among the non-professional promoters of forest questions, _Chevandier_, a chemist and manufacturer, who, in 1844, made investigations regarding the influence of irrigation on wood growth and on the influence of fertilizers, and in connection with _Wertheim_, laid the foundation for timber physics. * * * * * One bi-weekly magazine, _Revue des Eaux et Forêts_, in existence for 50 years, the successor to the _Annales forestières_, begun in 1808, satisfies the needs of current literature, besides the journals of various forestry associations, among which the Bulletin de la Société de Franche Comté et Belfort has for a long time taken a prominent rank. A very active propagandist literary and association work has within the last decades been inaugurated, and forestry associations of local character abound. Among these the “Touring Club,” a sporting association with some 16,000 members in 364 branches is active by writing out prizes and promoting waste land planting. Through its agency some 4000 acres had been planted by 1910, some 900 nurseries furnishing plant material. An active Section of Silviculture in the _Société des Agriculteurs_ some time ago absorbed the forestry association and is also doing practical work in the direction most needed, improvement of forestry practice among private woodland owners. 7. _Colonial Policies._ The French possess extensive colonies in Africa, Asia, America and Oceania, covering not less than four million square miles with over 90 million people, to some of which at least they have extended some features of their forest policy, notably in Algeria, Tunis, Indo-China and Madagascar. _Algeria_, which was conquered in 1828, is about four-fifths of the size of France, but only 5.5 per cent. is forested. Besides the desert, there are two forest regions, the northern slope, the so-called Tell, abutting on the Mediterranean, which, with 20 per cent. forested, contains the most valuable forests of Cork Oak, various other oaks, and Aleppo Pine; and the high plateau to the south, a region of steppes with about 6% forested, mostly with brushwood. The adjoining _Tunis_ also contains some 2 million acres of forest, a part of which clothed with the valuable Cork Oak. Although the population does not exceed 5 million, import of wood from Sweden and elsewhere to nearly one million dollars in amount is necessary. The first advance of civilization led to wide-spread destruction of the originally larger forest area; fire and pasture being specially destructive. Before the French occupation, the 8 million acres of forest were all, as usual in the mussulman’s empires, the property of the sultan, but were used like communal property by the people. By 1871, the larger portion, some 6 million acres remained in possession of the state, much encumbered by rights of user.