Among the prominent writers and practitioners there should be especially mentioned _Theodor Karlowitsch Arnold_, who is recognized as the father of Russian forestry. He was the soul of the forest organization work, for which he drew up the instructions in 1845, and as professor, afterwards director, of the Institute for Agronomy and Forestry at Moscow since 1857, he became the teacher of most of the present practitioners. Finally he became the head of the forest department in the Ministry of Apanages where he remained until his death in 1902. He is the author of several classical works on silviculture, forest mensuration, forest management, etc., and, in conjunction with _Dr. W. A. Tichonoff_, published an encyclopædic work in three volumes. In the first volume, _Russland’s Wald_ (1890), which has been translated into German, the author makes an extended plea for improved forestry practice and describes and argues at length the provisions of the law of 1888. In 1895, he published a history of forestry in Germany, France and Russia. Of other prominent foresters who have advanced forestry in Russia we may cite _Count Vargaci de Bedemar_, who made the first attempt to prepare Russian growth and yield tables in 1840 to 1850. _Professor A. F. Rudzsky_, who was active at the Forest Institute until a few years ago, developed in his volumes especially the mathematical branches and methods of forest organization. The names of _Tursky_, _Kravchinsky_ and _Kaigodorov_ are known to Russian students of dendrology and silviculture, and among the younger generation the names of _Morozov_, _Nestorov_, _Orlov_, and _Tolsky_ may be mentioned. It is well known how prominent Russian investigators have become in the natural sciences, and to foresters the work of the soil physicists, _Otozky_ and _Dokuchaev_ would at least be familiar. 4. _Forestry Practice._ While then a very considerable activity in scientific direction exists, the practical application of forestry principles is less developed than one would expect, especially in view of the stringent laws. So far not much more than conservative lumbering is the rule. Generally speaking, the State and crown forests are better managed than the private, many of which are being merely exploited; and in the northern departments large areas remain still inaccessible. Some notable exceptions to the general mismanagement of private forests are furnished by some of those owned by the nobility, like those of Count Uwaroff with 150,000 acres under model management by a German forester, and of Count Strogonoff with over 1,000,000 acres under first-class organization with a staff of over 230 persons.