Bavaria organized a forest school at Munich in 1790 with a four years’ course, and at least three years’ study at this school was required of those seeking employment in the State service; but without having ever flourished, this school, too, collapsed by 1803. 13. _Forestry Literature._ The oldest forestry literature of this period is contained in the many forest ordinances, which allow us to judge from their prescriptions as to the conditions of the practice in the woods and as to the gradual accumulation of empiric knowledge. Of a forestry science one could hardly speak until an attempt had been made to organize the knowledge thus empirically acquired into a systematic presentation, and this was not done until the middle or last half of the 18th century. The first attempts at a literary presentation of the empiric knowledge are found in the encyclopædic volumes of the so-called “Hausväter” (household fathers--domestic economists), who treated in a most diffuse manner of agriculture in all its aspects, including silviculture. A number of these tomes appeared during the 17th century; the best and most influential being published at the very beginning of that century (1595-1609), written by a preacher from Silesia, _Johann Colerus_, and entitled _Oeconomia ruralis et domestica, worin das ampt aller braven Hausväter und Hausmütter begriffen_. Colerus relied upon home experience and not, as Petrus de Crescentiis in his earlier work, _Praedium rusticum_ (translated from the French, in 1592), had done, upon the scholastic expositions of the Italians. He was rewarded by the popularity of his work which went through thirteen editions and became very widely known. Somewhat earlier, a jurist, _Noë Meurer_, wrote a book on forest law and hunting (second edition, 1576), which on this field remained long an authority, and gives insight into the condition of forest use at the time. But the first independent work on forestry, divorced from the hunt and farming, did not appear until 1713, _Sylvicultura œconomica_, written by the Saxon director of mines, _Hans Carl v. Carlowitz_. This book, while containing quaint and amusing ideas, gives many correct rules for silvicultural methods, especially as regards planting and sowing, but the subject of forest management or organization is entirely neglected. At about the same time (1710) a forest official, _v. Göchhausen_, published _Notabilia venatoris_, which, however, contained little more than a description of the species of trees and methods of their utilization.