For arriving at the _volume of stands_, estimating was relied upon long into the nineteenth century, although _Hossfeld_, in 1812, introduced measuring, and the use of the formula AHF, in which A was the measured total cross-section area of the stand, H and F the height and form factors, the latter being at that time still estimated. He first made form classes for the same heights, but, in 1823, simplified the method by assuming an average form factor for the whole stand. Even in 1830, _Kœnig_ still estimated the form factor, although he introduced the measurement of the cross-section area and determined the height indirectly as an average of measurements of several height classes, but _Huber_ (1824) knew how to measure both the average height and form factor by means of an arithmetic sample tree. This method found entrance into the practice and held sway until about 1860, when the well-known improvements by _Draudt_ and _Urich_ supplanted it. These last mentioned methods have become generally used in the practice, while other methods, like R. Hartig’s and Pressler’s, have remained mainly theoretical. The study of the increment and the making of yield tables which had been inaugurated toward the end of the last century, by _Oettelt_, _Paulsen_, _Hartig_, and others, was just at the end of that century placed upon a new basis through _Späth_ (1797), who constructed the first growth curves by plotting the cubic contents of trees of different ages, and through _Seutter_ (1799) by introducing stem analysis, on which he based his yield tables. On the shoulders of these, _Hossfeld_ (1823) built, when he conceived the idea of using sample plots for continued observation of the progress of increment, and he also taught the method of interpolation with limited measurements, laying the basis for quite elaborate formulæ. But the first _normal_ yield tables, based on the average trees of an index stand, were published by _Huber_ (1824) and, in the same year, by _Hundeshagen_. From that time on, yield tables were constructed by many others, but only since the Experiment stations undertook to direct their construction is the hope justified of securing this most invaluable tool of forest management in reliable and sufficiently detailed form. Even the newest tables are, however, still deficient, especially in the direction of detailed information regarding the division into assortments. The yield tables of _Baur_, _Kuntze_, _Weise_, _Lorey_, and others are now superseded by those of _Schwappach_ for pine and spruce, and of _Schuberg_ for fir. As a result of the many yield tables which gradually accumulated, the laws of growth in general became more and more cleared up and finally permitted their formulation as undertaken by _R. Weber_ (_Forsteinrichtung_, 1891).