At the same time, there had sprung up a number of local associations in the modern sense. The first, in 1820, composed of the foresters and agriculturists of Nassau; the next, in 1839, of the foresters of Baden, and, by 1860, nine such local societies of foresters were in existence, and they have since increased rapidly until now some thirty may be counted. The desire to bring these local associations into relation to each other led to the first Forestry Congress in 1837 (Congress der Land und Forstwirthe), meeting at Dresden. At that time, and in the congresses following, the agriculturists played a leading part, so that, in 1839, the South German foresters separated, and peripatetic congresses were held every one or two years. In 1869, a general organization was determined upon, and, in 1872, the first general German Congress of Foresters met, holding yearly meetings thereafter. A rival association having been organized in 1897, two years later an amalgamation of the two was effected in the _Deutscher Forstverein_ (now over 2000 members). The most striking feature of this forceful means of advancing forestry is the institution of the _Forstwirtschaftsrat_ (1890), a permanent committee of about 50 members, which is to look after the political and economic interests of forestry, forming a semi-official national council. There also exists an international association of forest experiment stations. * * * * * In the _magazine_ literature, the Cameralists dominated until the eighteenth century. The first journal edited by a forester was _Reitter’s_ “_Journal für Forst- und Jagdwesen_” which ran from 1790 to 1797. During the first part of the century many others were started, especially after 1820, usually failing soon for lack of support. Hartig himself participated in this literature with five volumes (until 1807) of the _Journal des Forst-, Jagd- und Fischereiwesens_ and later (1816 to 1820) with the semi-official journal _Forst- und Jagdarchiv_. Pfeil’s _Kritische Blätter_ were continued by him from 1823 to 1859, when Nördlinger had the editorship till 1870. An irregular publication of much note was Burkhardt’s “_Aus dem Walde_” (1865-1881).