CLAUSE 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; CLAUSE 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; CLAUSE 10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations; CLAUSE 11. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water; CLAUSE 12. To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; CLAUSE 13. To provide and maintain a navy; CLAUSE 14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces; CLAUSE 15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions; CLAUSE 16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; CLAUSE 17. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection efforts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings;--And CLAUSE 18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.